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Biomedical subjects

E Keil

Publications and source records attributed to E Keil.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of furosemide in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Ten patients with compensated cirrhosis of the liver, 7 patients with portal decompensated cirrhosis of the liver and 10 patients with intact liver function were investigated. After intravenous injection of 40 mg furosemide elimination half-life, total and excretory clearance were not significantly different in the 3 groups investigated, but renal clearance was enhanced in the 2 cirrhosis groups and nonrenal clearance diminished in patients with decompensated cirrhosis of the liver. In those patients distributional volumes were significantly higher than in the control group. According to the increased urinary excretion of unchanged furosemide in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, the pharmacodynamic effect of the drug is enhanced: In the first 4-h-collecting period the excretion of water, chloride and sodium is significantly more increased than in the control group. After a period of 24 h this effect is still noticeable. The effect of furosemide on the excretion of potassium, creatinine and urea nitrogen is not significantly influenced by liver disease. Doubling the dose from 40 to 80 mg furosemide did not enhance the diuretic effect of the drug despite the doubled urinary excretion of unchanged furosemide.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Vitamin A status of patients with chronic renal failure in relation to renal osteodystrophy].

In patients with chronic renal insufficiency and dialysis patients as well as in normal persons determinations of vitamin A in the serum and in the bone were performed and related to the parameters of the bone metabolism and to the histomorphometric investigation of the bone. The vitamin A serum levels were significantly increased in the two groups of patients, however, did not show any differences between the patients with an osteoidosis or the combination of osteoidosis and fibroosteoclasia. There were no correlations to calcium, phosphorus, PTH and to the alkaline phosphatase as well as to the individual histomorphometric data. The vitamin A content of the bone was low and did not show any differences to the normal persons. On the other hand, there were significant relations between the parathormone and the parameters of the regeneration and the absorption of the bones. An additional influence of vitamin A on the bone disturbance, eventually by the activation of the osteoclasts cannot be excluded.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Furosemide effects in patients with chronic renal insufficiency].

In 8 patients with a slight restriction of the renal function (serum creatinine 150-300 mumol/l), 10 patients with a severe restriction of the renal function (serum creatinine greater than 300-1,200 mumol/l) and in 10 control persons with intact renal function on 2 subsequent days after 40 and 80 mg furosemide the pharmacokinetic data were calculated intravenously from the course of the serum concentration and the renale excretion as well as pharmacodynamic parameters. In comparison to the control persons in patients with creatinine values of more than 200 mumol/l still 4 hours after intravenous injection furosemide could be proved in the serum. According to this the excretion of the unchanged furosemide was clearly decreased in the 24-hour-urine. In decreased renal clearance of furosemide the elimination half-life period was prolonged. In all three groups of patients the diuretic effect of furosemide was very distinctly marked in the first four hours after injection of 40 mg, a doubling of the dose did not increase this effect. Only in the first four hours also an increased excretion of sodium, chloride and calcium occurred; in the 24-hour-collection period no differences between the three groups were the result. The excretion of creatinine and urea-N in the urine was not influenced by furosemide. Thus also in the chronic renal insufficiency there is the indication of the furosemide therapy only then, when the extracellular space or the intravasal volume are enlarged. As individual dose 40 mg are recommended intravenously.

Blood Urea Nitrogen↗
PubMed1984

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of furosemide in patients with impaired renal function.

Three groups of patients with kidney diseases were investigated: I. creatinine in serum less than 100 mumol/l, II. creatinine in serum 100-250 mumol/l, III. creatinine in serum greater than 250 mumol/l. After intravenous injection of 40 mg and 80 mg furosemide, serum concentrations and urinary excretion of the unchanged drug were measured fluorometrically. Moreover, urinary excretion of water, electrolytes, creatinine and urea nitrogen were estimated in order to check the pharmacodynamic effect of the drug. The pharmacokinetic parameters calculated were similar in group I and II. In group III t 1/2 was prolonged, renal clearance of furosemide was diminished. The diuretic effect of furosemide was noticeable during the first 4 hours following the injection of 40 mg in all 3 groups. Doubling the dose did not enhance the effect. Creatinine and urea nitrogen excretion in urine were not influenced by furosemide.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1983

Long term toxicological studies on the progestin STS 557.

The toxicity of 17 alpha-cyanomethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-estra-4, 9-dien-3-one (STS 557) was studied by its oral administration of 0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 mg/kg/day to Wistar rats for six months, and of 0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg/day to beagle dogs for six months, respectively. Levonorgestrel at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day was used as the standard in the dog study. With respect to the progestational activity of the compound the main target organs were the hypophysis, the reproductive organs and the adrenals. Mammary hyperplasia was observed in dogs treated with STS 557 or levonorgestrel at the dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day, but in no case mammary nodules could be detected. At the dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day STS 557 and levonorgestrel were found to increase the plasma insulin response to i.v. glucose in bitches, but neither the mean blood glucose levels nor the glucose utilization were affected. Moreover, during administration of both steroids to dogs temporary changes in serum concentrations of triglycerides and total cholesterol were noted. The results obtained in rats and dogs from functional and morphological investigations did not reveal any toxic side effects of STS 557 on the liver, the kidneys, the bone marrow or on blood coagulation. The effects on the reproductive organs observed following STS 557 especially in dogs are related to both the hormonal effects of the compound and the specific response of the dog to potent progestagens.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[The effect of hemoperfusion with XAD-4 resin on biological constituents of the blood].

13 patients who had undergone a haemoperfusion therapy with Amberlite XAD-4 resin (Haemoresin, Braun, F.R.G.) because of acute intoxication were examined for adsorption of biological material from the blood. Treatment lasting on average 4 hours at a blood-circulation rate of 200 ml/min resulted in a 43% reduction of thrombocytes and in changes in the concentrations of proteins, complement factors, triglycerides, aldosterone and testosterone. Low-molecular substances and electrolytes were however, except for sodium, only slightly influenced. Thus this haemoperfusion system is only suitable for shortterm application and cannot be used without substitution for chronic treatment of terminal renal insufficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Influence of hemoperfusion with XAD-4 resin on the concentration of biologic constituents in the blood.

13 patients, who had been subjected to hemoperfusion with Amberlite XAD-4 resin (Haemoresin, Fa. Braun), because of acute intoxications, were examined for the adsorption of bioactive material from the blood. A mean treatment period of four hours at a blood flow rate of 200 ml/min. resulted in a marked thrombocyte decrease by 43% and changes in the concentrations of proteins, complement components C3 and C4 (16-26%) triglycerides (33%), aldosterone (33%) and testosterone (20%). Low molecular weight substances and electrolytes, however, were only slightly or not affected. Thus hemoperfusion system with its poor biocompatibility and inability to remove BUN, electrolytes and water is only suitable for short-term treatment and cannot be used without detailed control of possible side effects and perhaps substitution for treatment of chronic renal or hepatic failure. Hemoperfusion has proved an efficient method of treating various exogenous intoxications. The adsorption of biologically active material from the blood constitutes several side effects which contraindicate long-term treatment, above all of endogenous intoxications such as chronic renal failure and hepatic failure. With the type of adsorber used - various charcoal preparations, resins etc. such as uncoated material or coated with different substances - these side effects vary and have not yet been investigated in a systematic, comparative and comprehensive way. The present investigations are meant to check the adsorption behaviour of Amberlite XAD-4 Resin in vivo towards some selected blood constituents and the influence of hemoperfusion on the concentrations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Behavior of various serum enzymes following ligation of the superior mesenteric artery in the rat (preliminary report)].

In rats, shortly after ligation of superior mesenteric artery serum enzyme activities are found significantly altered. Those changes concern aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine aminotransferase (GPT), lipase, alpha amylase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase as well as glutamate dehydrogenase. The causes are discussed. The authors emphasize that the assessment of serum enzymes possibly gives some help in diagnosing acute intestinal ischemias in early stages.

Alanine Transaminase↗