Comment on: A different frontal sinus drain.
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Child↗
Biomedical subjects
E Kershaw
Publications and source records attributed to E Kershaw.
Nurse-environment misfit and nursing practice.
AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of the following descriptive correlational study was to investigate nurses' responses to the image discrepancy between the public and nurses, and its relationships with their self-concept, job satisfaction and performance. BACKGROUND: It has been long said that nurses live in a dual structure wherein the nurse's journey toward professionalization is constrained by nursing stereotypes in a society. This duality of the nursing universe is assumed to have created a person-environment misfit which could lead to nurses' job dissatisfaction and low job performance. Nonetheless, little study has been done in this area. DESIGN/METHODS: The study was conducted in 1999 with ethical approval from an Australian University. A sample of 80 Australian registered nurses participated by completing the Porter Nursing Image Scale, Index of Work Satisfaction (IWS) and Six-Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: The results suggested that there is a discrepancy in the images of the nursing profession between nurses and the public, which can contribute to the nurse-environment misfit. The results also supported a negative correlation of the misfit with nurses' job satisfaction and performance. CONCLUSION: Despite the limited sample size and characteristics, this study provides evidence to encourage nurses to improve the public image of nurses, which will enhance the professionalization of nursing.
Employee Performance Appraisal↗
Genetic modifiers of Leprfa associated with variability in insulin production and susceptibility to NIDDM.
In an attempt to identify the genetic basis for susceptibility to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus within the context of obesity, we generated 401 genetically obese Leprfa/Leprfa F2 WKY13M intercross rats that demonstrated wide variation in multiple phenotypic measures related to diabetes, including plasma glucose concentration, percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin, plasma insulin concentration, and pancreatic islet morphology. Using selective genotyping genome scanning approaches, we have identified three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on Chr. 1 (LOD 7.1 for pancreatic morpholology), Chr. 12 (LOD 5.1 for body mass index and LOD 3.4 for plasma glucose concentration), and Chr. 16 (P < 0.001 for genotype effect on plasma glucose concentration). The obese F2 progeny demonstrated sexual dimorphism for these traits, with increased diabetes susceptibility in the males appearing at approximately 6 weeks of age, as sexual maturation occurred. For each of the QTLs, the linked phenotypes demonstrated sexual dimorphism (more severe affection in males). The QTL on Chr. 1 maps to a region vicinal to that previously linked to adiposity in studies of diabetes susceptibility in the nonobese Goto-Kakizaki rat, which is genetically closely related to the Wistar counterstrain we employed. Several candidate genes, including tubby (tub), multigenic obesity 1 (Mob1), adult obesity and diabetes (Ad), and insulin-like growth factor-2 (Igf2), map to murine regions homologous to the QTL region identified on rat Chr. 1.
Alleles↗
Positive effects of an antenatal group teaching session on postnatal nipple pain, nipple trauma and breast feeding rates.
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether an antenatal teaching session on position and attachment of the baby on the breast had an effect on postnatal nipple pain, nipple trauma and breast feeding duration. The study was planned as a pilot study to allow an adequate sample size to be calculated for a larger study. DESIGN: An observer blind experimental design was used. Women were randomly assigned to either the experimental group teaching session or the control group. SETTING: One public hospital in Western Australia. PARTICIPANTS: 70 primiparae who intended to breast feed their baby were recruited from the antenatal clinic of the study hospital at 36 weeks' gestation. INTERVENTION: Antenatal group sessions on position and attachment of the baby on the breast were conducted by a lactation consultant. MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS: During the first four postnatal days, position and attachment was measured by LATCH (Latch on, Audible swallow, Type of nipple, Comfort and Help) (Jensen et al 1994), nipple pain was measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and nipple trauma was measured by the Nipple Trauma Index (NTI). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results indicated that the women in the experimental group were better able to attach the baby on the breast and had significantly less nipple pain and trauma than the control group. At six weeks postnatally, 31 of the 35 women in the experimental group were breast feeding compared to 10 of the 35 in the control group. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These initial findings suggest that midwives can make the best use of decreasing resources by using practical 'hands on' antenatal group teaching as an effective strategy to increase breast feeding rates.
Adult↗