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Biomedical subjects

E King

Publications and source records attributed to E King.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Detection in life of confirmed Alzheimer's disease using a simple measurement of medial temporal lobe atrophy by computed tomography.

The medial temporal lobe of the brain is important for normal cognitive function, notably for memory, and is the region with the most extensive pathological change in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We wanted to find out if atrophy of the medial temporal lobe could be detected in life in patients in whom a diagnosis of AD was subsequently established histopathologically. The minimum width of the medial temporal lobe, measured by temporal-lobe-oriented computed tomography (CT) about one year before death, in 44 patients with a histopathological diagnosis of AD (cases) was nearly half (0.56 of the median) that in 75 controls of the same age with no clinical evidence of dementia (95% confidence interval 0.51-0.61). There was little overlap between the distributions of measurements in cases and controls. A cut-off (< 0.79 MoM) selected to yield a 5% false-positive rate gave an expected detection rate of 92%. A cut-off selected to yield a false-positive rate of 1% (< 0.70 MoM) yielded a 79% detection rate. 20 of the 44 patients with histopathologically diagnosed AD had been scanned more than once before death, and the test (cut-off < 0.79 MoM) was positive in all 20 more than a year before and in 9/10 more than 2 years before death. In 10 subjects with dementia but with histopathology excluding AD, the mean minimum width of the medial temporal lobe was significantly greater than that in the cases with AD, but was not significantly different from that in controls. Medial temporal lobe CT is a non-invasive, rapid, simple and effective test for AD which could have immediate application firstly in improving the accuracy of prevalence and incidence studies and, secondly, for the identification of groups of high-risk patients in the evaluation of novel treatments for AD. In the future, it could be applied as a screening test.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Older women's participation in breast screening.

The incidence of breast cancer increases with age, but women's participation in breast screening decreases with age. National and regional surveys indicate a number of barriers. Women over age 65 are more likely to say they have never heard of mammograms, that they did not know they needed them, and that their doctors did not recommend them. In a study conducted at Fox Chase Cancer Center, in Philadelphia, participation in an HMO-sponsored breast screening program appeared to reverse the usual age-related decrease in mammography. If mammography utilization is to increase in women over age 65, physicians must offer unambiguous referrals to older women. In addition, health education interventions are needed to improve knowledge and beliefs of older women and their physicians. And, finally, strategies also are needed to enhance access. With the advent of Medicare coverage, payment will be less of a barrier. But other barriers remain.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia of the hand. A case report.

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia is an uncommon benign vascular neoplasm manifested by multiple or solitary subcutaneous nodules, usually on or about the head of young adults. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia is characterized microscopically by marked proliferation of large endothelial cells with a mixed inflammatory infiltrate consisting of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and eosinophils. This benign skin disorder may resemble an angiosarcoma both clinically and histologically. We wish to report a patient with angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia on the palm of the hand and discuss therapeutic recommendations.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Occupational hygiene aspects of biological monitoring.

Biological monitoring of workers exposed to toxic substances has been used for many years for a variety of differing purposes. This has caused some confusion amongst the professions concerned as to its proper use in any defined circumstances. This paper attempts to clarify the position, particularly as regards the role of biological monitoring in occupational hygiene practice.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

Violent death and mental illness. A study of a single catchment area over eight years.

The names of 412 residents of the catchment population of a district general hospital unit who died potentially self-inflicted deaths in the eight years 1974-81 were identified. They were classified as suicide (245), accidental death (126), and undetermined (41). In each group, over half had a lifetime history of psychiatric treatment and over a third were psychiatric patients at the time of their death. The relative risk of a violent death for those who died within a year of their last psychiatric contact was 27 times greater than that of residents with no recent psychiatric contact. The relative risk was highest for those aged 35-44 and lowest for those of 75 years and over.

Accidents↗
PubMed1989

Attendance and non-attendance for breast screening at the south east London breast screening service.

OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the reasons for a low rate of response for breast screening. DESIGN: All relevant aspects of the organisational process examined, including general practitioners' notes. Non-responders visited and interviewed. SETTING: An inner city breast screening service working on the model advocated by the Forrest report. SUBJECTS: 288 Women aged 50-64 registered with several general practices and invited for screening by post. MAIN OUTCOME: Determination of factors important for success of breast screening programmes. RESULTS: After five women were excluded by their general practitioners the response rate was 129 out of 283 (46%), but 99 (35%) of the women did not receive their invitations because of inaccuracies in the family practitioner committee's database and general practitioners failing to check women's addresses completely. CONCLUSIONS: Increased rates of response will depend on enabling general practitioners to check addresses and on an increased awareness of the importance of information.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

The role of transvaginal ultrasound in the assessment of the female pelvis.

Transabdominal ultrasound of the female pelvis has been compared with transvaginal ultrasound, using a 7.5 MHz transducer, in 80 women. Transvaginal ultrasound required less patient time and was preferred in 56% of patients. Image quality was superior in 72% of cases, and visualisation of the pelvic organs was equivalent with each technique. Transabdominal ultrasound gives a more global view of the pelvis, and is of more value in assessing large pelvic masses. Transvaginal ultrasound is of more value in assessing early pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, ovarian abnormalities, and for visualising the ovaries following hysterectomy.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1984

Morphologic changes in rat urothelial cells during carcinogenesis: II. Image cytometry.

Improved early detection of neoplasia by screening of urothelial cells requires an understanding of the features distinguishing normal and neoplastic cell populations. We have begun a program of study based upon a rat model system for the controlled observation of early-stage lesions produced by the carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)- nitrosamine. Cells dissociated directly from normal and malignant urothelium were characterized by conventional cytopathology techniques and by quantitative microscopy (for nuclear texture and nuclear and cytoplasmic size, shape, and stain content) to derive a comprehensive picture of bladder tumor development. By following the changes that occur in the dissociated urothelial cells we have found that the nuclear area, total nuclear stain, nuclear shape, and the nuclear chromatin change significantly over a 48-wk interval as the lesions progress toward malignancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Endodontic treatment of a cementoblastoma.

The benign cementoblastoma (true cementoma, osteoblastoma, giant osteoid osteoma) appears to be a true neoplasm of functional cementoblasts which proliferate at the apex of teeth to form an expansile tumor. It remains intimately attached to the tooth roots and occasionally involves the root canals themselves. Although the pulpal tissue remains vital, treatment has historically consisted of extraction of the involved tooth along with extirpation of the tumor. This mode of therapy for the benign cementoblastoma should not be confused with the entity called periapical cemental dysplasia (that is cementoma, periapical osteofibroma or osteofibrosis, cementifying fibroma, localized fibro-osteoma, and periapical fibrous dysplasia). In this latter lesion the treatment consists of simply recognizing the condition and establishing a schedule for periodic evaluation of the patient. In the case presented here enucleation of the cementoblastoma and endodontic therapy were selected as treatment modalities, despite the presence of buccal and lingual expansion of the cortical plates. There has been no recurrence of this growth during the 4-year follow-up period.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Physical therapy manpower planning. Projection models and scenarios of 1985.

Faced with the difficult task of coordinating statewide health education, the Kentucky Council on Higher Education is using several manpower projection statistics as one component of their decision-making process. These manpower data are essential when considering the establishment, expansion, continuation, or termination of health-related academic programs. Three models were used to project manpower requirements for licensed physical therapists in Kentucky. The models were 1) manpower:population ratio, 2) trend analysis based on time series, and 3) the American Physical Therapy Association's health-needs method. Four variants of the manpower:population ratio model are discussed and presented: population ratio based ona 1) national ratio, 2) Kentucky ratio, 3) weighted national ratio, and 4) weighted Kentucky radio. The trend analysis model is presented and discussed. The health-needs approach, based on expert opinion and health-related variables, identifies the quantity and quality of services required to provide the Kentucky population with the best possible care. The paper concludes with three brief scenarios describing the possible effects of the three models and physical therapy in Kentucky. The scenarios unfold from differing assumption about the effects of manpower production on health care. Scenario A is a "current arrangement" scenario. Scenario B considers the effects of predicting future manpower requirements and resources based on the past. Scenario C projects the effects of a comprehensive plan on the goal of producing the best possible care for all Kentuckians.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1980

Sex bias in psychoactive drug advertisements.

A recent concern has been the possible effect of sex-role stereotypes upon physicians' prescription patterns. In an attempt to examine the part played by drug advertisements, this paper will present a content analysis of psychoactive (mood-modifying) drug ads appearing in the American Journal of Psychiatry over a 17-year period; and a study of subjects' perceptions of the patients depicted in these drug ads across eight dimensions emerging from the content analysis. An initial perusal of psychoactive drug ads in professional medical journals suggested the existence of a sex bias: Females appeared to be presented as patients more often than males, and in a much more demeaning manner. The present analyses were done in an attempt to discover if a sex bias does exist in drug advertisements, which may influence the physician's perception of his or her patients, and subsequently, his or her prescription patterns.

Advertising↗