Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Kittnar.
The authors investigated the antibacterial action of cefuroxim in vitro and proved its relatively broad spectrum of action. Administration of the esterified form, Zinnat, produced very satisfactory therapeutic concentrations of cefuroxim in serum, bile tissue of operated gallbladders. The prophylactic administration of the combined parenteral and oral form of cefuroxim proved excellent in biliary surgery in twenty patients.
This ether oxim derivative of erythromycin A is an easy to absorb oral antimicrobial somewhat less effective in vitro than erythromycin. At relatively low MIC's it is active against staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, branhnamella and chlamydiae, higher concentrations are needed against enterococci and some strains of H. influenzae. Roxithromycin is also reported to have a very good effect on campylobacters, many anaerobic bacteria, Toxoplasma gondii, Treponema pallidum, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophilla. Its half-life in the serum of healthy individuals ranges from 9 to 16 hours. Maximum serum concentrations at 2 oral doses of 150 mg a day are reached at 3 to 4 days and vary from 5.5 to 11.1 mg/l. The distribution of roxithromycin in body tissues is excellent. In a group of 57 patients treated for various infections of clear etiology the positive therapeutic effects resulting in the state of bacteriological negativity was reached in 86% of cases. Roxithromycin can be recommended as a drug of choice in mild or less severe cases of infection caused by agents sensitive to this antimicrobial. Its excellent tolerance makes it especially well suited for use in pediatric practice.
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Over the past 25 years a total of 7492 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae have been isolated in Czechoslovakia, mainly in Prague (64%). All these strains have been tested for susceptibility to the following antibiotics: penicillin G, ampicillin, tetracycline, spectinomycin, erythromycin, doxycycline, kanamycin, rifampin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, cephalothin, cephaloridine, lincomycin and clindamycin. In addition, seven derivatives of newer antibiotics of penicillin and cephalosporin series were tested in 1981. The study showed that in 1957 the MIC of 0.03 units of penicillin per ml was effective against 95% of strains, but in 1981 only 37% of isolates were sensitive to this concentration. The first gonococcal strains with the MIC value of 4.0 units/ml to penicillin were detected in 1981. This tendency towards decreased gonococcal susceptibility to benzylpenicillin is alarming. Over the last eight years there have been described sporadic isolations of strains relatively resistant to tetracycline (MIC = 8.0 mg/l). The susceptibility to spectinomycin has been tested in over 4000 gonococcal strains, since 1967. The test showed that this antibiotic remained highly effective against the gonococcal infection with over 95% of gonococci with the MIC value of 16.0 mg/l. No fully spectinomycin resistant strains have been found. Penicillin G as well as spectinomycin and cefotaxim are still considered the antibiotics of the first choice in the treatment of gonorrhoea. The alternative antibiotics may include cefuroxim, chloramphenicol and, in cases of sensitive strains, tetracyclines.
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The incidence of Moraxella nonliquefaciens an M. liquefaciens in the urogenital tract is relatively low. These microorganisms were detected in 0.77% of cases during the examination of a total of 3 761 women. M. nonliquefaciens was found in 26 out of 29 cases. The frequency of occurrence did not differ in the groups of healthy women, of women with inflammatory signs in the urogenital tract and of women with confirmed gonorrhoea. We therefore believe that these moraxellae do not play any pathogenetic role in this localization. In our opinion, the similarity of microscopic preparations and the shape of the colonies of these moraxellae with those of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is noteworthy: unless glucose splitting test is carried out, the two species can frequently be confused. The test of sensitivity to antibiotics revealed a considerable decrease in sensitivity to penicillin G as compared with the report of Bövre and Henricksen (1967). Sensitivity to other antibiotics remained unchanged.
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