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Biomedical subjects

E Kohda

Publications and source records attributed to E Kohda.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Measurement of lung density by computed tomography: implication for radiotherapy.

In order to achieve practical application for the treatment planning of radiotherapy, lung density was assessed by means of CT. Cork phantoms were measured 360 times to test the reliability of CT densitometry. Densities were corrected by the CT value of pure water measured at the same time. The mean value of cork phantoms as measured by CT was 0.287 +/- 0.11 g/cm3, the true value of which was 0.320 g/cm3. These errors were within an allowable limit for radiotherapy. Lung density was studied in 50 patients with a mean age of 50 years, ranging from 46 to 76. The values obtained of the upper, middle, and lower lung were 0.123 +/- 0.46 g/cm3, 0.121 +/- 0.033, and 0.154 +/- 0.057 g/cm3 during inspiration and were 0.215 +/- 0.058 g/cm3, 0.228 +/- 0.066, and 0.260 +/- 0.078 g/cm3 during expiration, respectively. The dorsal, central, and ventral portions of the lung were measured simultaneously with a patient on supine position. In order to hold the variation of radiation dose within 2%, the variation must be kept within 30 HU of CT value. As for the upper lung, the difference of which between both subjects and sites was smallest during inspiration in this results, that was 20%; the difference of 60 HU CT value existed between the dorsal and ventral lungs. Variations in CT number between subjects were more than 60 HU in one third of this series. Before starting radiotherapy to the lung field, lung densitometry is warranted in order to irradiate the exact dose.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Diagnosis of peripheral-type lung cancer using a new type of endoscope].

A new device, the BF-2.2T, has been designed to go through the 2.6 mm channel of the conventional fiberoptic bronchoscope (Olympus BF-1T20). It measures 2.2 mm in outer diameter; it has a visual angle of 75 degrees, a focal depth of 3 to 50 mm, a working length of 1150 mm, and a total length of 1400 mm. It bends 120 degrees in an upward direction and 120 degrees in a downward direction. The tip, 2.2 mm phi, of the BF-2.2 T angulates like a conventional bronchofiberscope, and this is the main characteristic of this instrument. The BF-2.2 T yields clinically satisfactory observation and photography, as a method for determining morphological changes in peripheral type lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Computed tomography in the early detection of congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia.

This paper describes the successful use of abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan in diagnosing congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia in a Japanese male with no virilization at 9 days of age. The CT unequivocally delineated massively enlarged adrenal glands of fat-tissue attenuation, enabling early replacement therapy.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗
PubMed1986

Takayasu arteritis: radiographic and angiographic findings in 59 patients.

Fifty-nine patients (57 females, two males) with Takayasu arteritis were retrospectively evaluated. Chest radiographs were abnormal in 68% of patients in whom they were obtained (n = 49). Aortic contour changes and calcification were frequent findings. Sixty-eight percent of patients who underwent total aortography (n = 50) had panaortitis, and 28% had involvement confined to the thoracic aorta and/or its branches. Stenosis was the most common angiographic finding in the aorta and its branches, but occlusion (n = 4), aneurysm (n = 3), and dilatation (n = 15) were not infrequent. Adventitial vascular structures (the vasa vasorum) were seen in three cases. Eighty-six percent (n = 21) of pulmonary arteriograms showed abnormalities. Occlusion was by far the most common finding. There was no predilection for any lobe nor correlation with systemic arteritis. It was concluded that Takayasu arteritis characteristically involves the systemic and the pulmonary arteries independently. Total aortography and pulmonary arteriography are necessary to diagnose and evaluate the extent of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The use of computerized tomography to evaluate anorectal anomalies.

Computerized tomography (CT) was applied to various types of anorectal anomalies to directly image the anal sphincters. In normal cases and low type anomalies, CT demonstrated clear images of the puborectal muscle and external sphincters. Among high type anomalies, the distribution of sphincter muscle in patients with rectovesical fistula is totally different from that seen in patients with rectourethral fistula. In the latter, the puborectal muscle is attached not only around urethra, but also around the distal part of the blind rectum; external sphincters are present as a mass beneath the perineum. In the rectovesical fistula, however, the puborectal muscle cannot be identified and the external sphincters exist only as a string-like structure. CT done postoperatively identified two different causes for incontinence. In one type, the pull-through colon missed the sphincteric musculature, and in the other, sphincters were markedly hypoplastic. CT, therefore, provides adequate imaging to determine the type of operation needed to correct the abnormality.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1985

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for renovascular hypertension.

Five children with renovascular hypertension were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, and followed for 12 to 32 months. Blood pressure fell to normal in four patients and improved in one. Angiographic and endocrinological improvements were associated with a fall in blood pressure and no complications were observed. Angioplasty is considered a safe, effective treatment for children with renovascular hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Congenital anorectal anomaly: CT evaluation.

Anorectal anomalies were evaluated by computed tomography (CT) scanning in 23 patients. CT scans showed clearly the anatomy of the anal sphincter muscles in relation to the intestine and the amount of muscle mass present. These findings correlated well with the results of direct visualization and electromyograms in patients who underwent surgery. The information revealed by CT scans is considered important in preoperative planning for surgical repair and in predicting a patient's prognosis. In cases of postoperative incontinence, CT scans demonstrated the location of the pulled-through intestine, including whether it had been correctly placed in the levator sling. Where the intestine was outside the levator sling, CT scans could be used in considerations of further surgery.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1985

Intraarterial prednisolone infusion therapy in ulcerative colitis.

Thirty-seven patients with ulcerative colitis who had shown inadequate response to conventional medical therapies were given intraarterial infusions of prednisolone via the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. The therapy was effective in 31 (57%) of 54 infusions, including three of five cases of toxic megacolon. The effectiveness of the therapy correlated well with the clinical assessment of disease activity. There was also a positive correlation between the caliber of the inferior mesenteric artery and the effectiveness of the therapy. Intraarterial infusion of prednisolone can lead to improvement of ulcerative colitis, and this mode of therapy should be considered particularly in severe cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Vasoconstrictive effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha angiography on colonic lesions.

In a study of 54 patients with a variety of lesions, prostaglandin F2 alpha pharmacoangiography produced vasoconstrictive effects in both neoplastic and inflammatory lesions of the colon. These effects occurred only at the affected sites and their immediate vicinity. Vasoconstriction seemed to correlate directly with the vascularity of the lesion, rather than with pathogenesis. Less marked vasoconstriction was seen in renal lesions. No vasoconstrictive effects were recognized in liver, soft tissue, or bone tumors. Thus prostaglandin F2 alpha acts as a vasodilator in normal human colonic vessels, while it acts as a vasoconstrictor in colonic lesions. The potential use of prostaglandin F2 alpha in the control of bleeding colonic lesions is also discussed.

Adult↗