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Biomedical subjects

E Kolb

Publications and source records attributed to E Kolb.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Enzyme arrangement of various tissues in swine. 3. Studies of pre- and postnatal activities of various enzymes (ATPase, GOT, GPT, leucine aminopeptidase, acid and alkaline phosphatases, aldose reductase, glucuronate reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase) in various tissues].

The crude protein levels as well as the activities of various enzymes were studied in certain tissues of fetuses (80th through 114th days of development), piglets of different age groups, and pigs for slaughter. In most of the tissues tested the postnatal activities of Na-K-ATPase were beyond those recorded from fetuses. The highest GOT activities were recorded from the liver, myocardium, and kidneys. Activities were found to rise sizeably in some tissues after birth. The activity of GPT, too, exhibited age-dependent variations. The activity of leucine-aminopeptidase increased strongly after birth in liver and kidneys. Acid phosphatase activity was less markedly influenced by development phases. Those enzymes which are involved in the formation of fructose and glucose (aldolreductase, glucuronate-reductase, and sorbite-dehydrogenase) had their highest activities, all age-dependent, in liver and kidneys.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

[Studies of the regulation potential of glucose metabolism in the calf following infusion of fructose solution and using various hormones (ACTH, prednisolone, adrenaline and noradrenaline)].

Infusion of fructose solution (25 g in 100 ml) in sugar rations of 0.5 g or 1.0 g per kilogram of body weight usually induced in calf temporary drop of glucose in the blood plasma. This was attributable to rise in insulin secretion and glucose conversion or insufficiently fast effectiveness of insulin antagonists (adrenaline, glucagon, glucocorticosteroids). Such glucose drop could not be prevented by administration of 50 mg of prednisolone four hours before fructose infusion and 25 IU of ACTH five hours before infusion. Glucose as well as free fatty acids in the blood plasma went up in response to injection of 2.5 microgram/kg body weight during hypoglycaemia. The action of adrenaline was found to depend on the insulin dose given before in cases of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Doses of 0.5 g fructose per kilogram of body weight were administered in nine experimental infusions. Average half-life recorded from the blood plasma was 21.3 +/- 3.4 minutes.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1979

[Studies of the presence of enzymes in various tissues of swine. 4. Studies of the Ca-, Mg-, and Na-K-ATPase activities in the homogenate and cell fractions of brain of fetuses and piglets].

Studies were conducted into the activities of calcium, magnesium, and sodium-potassium ATPase as well as into crude protein levels in homogenate and cell fractions of brain of two foetuses, aged 111 days, and of two piglets each, aged two days or nine weeks. The average brain-borne crude protein percentages were 6.55 in the foetuses, 7.25 in the two-day piglets, and 9.60 in the nine-week piglets. Calcium, magnesium, and sodium-potassium ATPase activities, related to one gram of fresh brain mass, were found to go up along with growing age. Highest relative percentages of sodium-potassium ATPase were recordable from homogenate and from the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of the foetuses. Certain quantitative differences were obtained from using calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium ions to stimulate ATPase in the fractions of cell nuclei, mitochondria, and microsomes. The optimum temperature for magnesium and sodium-potassium ATPase in homogenate and in the mitochondrial fraction of brain was 45 degrees C.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1979

[Animal experimental studies on partial kidney function after temporary tourniquet ischemia with and without blood substitute therapy].

70 rats were subjected to tourniquet ischemia of a hind limb for a period of two and three hours. 12 rats served as controls. After release of the 3 hours tourniquets 20 rats were treated either with Ringer's solution or with hydroxyethyl starch. Kidney function and morphology, systolic blood pressure, hematocrit, serum electrolytes, creatinine and urea were studied as different times of recirculation. 1. Reduction in renal function was only observed after releasing the tourniquets. 2. The extent of reduction in renal function depended on the time of ischemia and time of recirculation. 3 hours of tourniquet with two hours of recirculation led to the largest extent of reduction in renal function and renal parenchymal lesions. 3. If the infusion of HES was applied at the beginning of recirculation, reduction in renal function was prevented, as well as parenchymal lesions. Ringer's infusion, however, did not improve kidney function to a normal range.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[The activity and properties of fructose-1,6-diphosphatase in various tissues (Liver, Kidneys, skeletal muscle, small intestine mucosa) in swine].

The following parameters are recommended for activity determination of FDPase by release of inorganic phosphate at 37 degrees C of enzyme from liver and kidneys of swine: pH 7.5, 2 mMol concentration of fructose-1,6-diphosphate, 5 mMol concentration of Mg ions, and ten minutes of incubation. When the activity of FDPase was analysed with temperatures of 22 degrees C, and 45 degrees C, rises were recorded up to the highest temperature. ADTA was strongly activating along with 2 mMol of Mg ions in a test arrangement of 5 mMol concentration. Manganese, zinc, and cobalt ions are strong activators even in low concentrations (0.2 or 1.0 mMol), whereas copper, cadmium, and mercury ions are strong inhibitors of the enzyme. Average activities of FDPase were analysed by means of the optical test in the liver and kidneys of fetuses aged 98 days. They were 1.79 or 0.38 units in one gram of tissue. In pigs for slaughter they had been 2.06 or 3.58 units in one gram of tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Studies of the presence of enzymes in various tissues of swine. 5. Studies of the activity and properties of adenosine triphosphatases in the pancreas].

Studies were conducted into the activities of magnesium-ATPase, sodium-potassium-ATPase, and HCO3-ATPase in homogenates of pancreas of 19 foetuses, with body weights between 340 g and 1,642 g, two piglets, with body weights of 9 kg and 10 kg, and four adult pigs. While general enzyme activity was low during foetal development, highest activies usually were recordable from HCO3-ATPase. High activities were recorded from both the piglets and adult pigs. The highest data, again, were recordable from HCO3-ATPase which is essential to the secretion of HCO3 ions. Maximum activity of magnesium-ATPase was based on an ATP-magnesium ratio of 1:1. HCO3-ATPase was best activated by 25 mM NaHCO3 and exhibited high stability to temperature. The activities of magnesium-ATPase and of HCO3-ATPase were inhibited by 10 mM of Rhodanid. Calcium-ATPase reached its maximum activity in response to 5 mM calcium concentration.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1979

[Clinical and experimental investigations concerning to positoning of head injured patients (author's transl)].

Changes of ICP and CVP during different elevated positionings of the upper part of the body, rotation of the head, and compression of the jugular veins were investigated in 21 patients. Upward positioning leads to ICP-decrease and slight increase of CVP, whereas head rotation and jugular vein compression lead to increased ICP, the CVP remaining almost constant. The pressure changes in the model are equivalent to those in the patients. Therefore it can be assumed that the ICP changes according to positioning are mainly physical phenomena. The conclusion in clinical use: Slight upward positioning with straight head position is optimal in head injured patients.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1978

[Ketamine--a suitable agent for emergency situations (author's transl)].

Various surgical procedures have been performed using ketamine alone (Group I) or ketamine-relaxant-air anaesthesia (Group II). In all patients we observed a significant rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate. The intraoperative values showed a tendency to return to normal. Ten minutes after injection 2 mg/kg body-weight i.v., ketamine caused a significant reduction in arterial PO2 and oxygen saturation as well as a significant rise in arterial PCO2, though these changes were of no clinical importance. In both groups the intraoperative values were normal as compared to the preoperative level. In all cases base excess reflecting the metabolic side of blood gas analysis was within normal range. Based on our findings we recommend the use of ketamine as a sole anesthetic agent for IPPB ventilated as well as spontaneously breathing patients in disaster situations.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Intraportal and intrasplenic autotransplantation of pancreatic islets in the dog.

Autotransplantation of pancreatic microfragments into the liver or the spleen of totally pancreatectomized dogs is described. Both modes of transplantation resulted in restoration of normal fasting blood glucose levels. A delayed response to high glucose loads was however observed in both groups. Serum amylase levels indicated a rapid decline of exocrine activity. On the basis of postoperative levels of GOT and GPT in the serum of the dogs with intraportal transplants, permanent proteolytic or ischemic damage to the liver appeared unlikely.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1977

[Influence of ventilatory pattern on the functional situation of the lung during inhalation anaesthesia. Part I: Spontaneous breathing versus IPPB (author's transl)].

After five hours breathing spontaneously enflurane, halothane and methoxyflurane only the rabbits under enflurane showed, apart from a mild respiratory acidosis, no deterioration of pulmonary functional situation. Halothane and methoxyflurane exhibited under the same conditions a significant worsening of elastic behaviour of the lung. The structural bases of the mechanical impairment were atelectasis, dystelectasis and interstitial edema. Postnarcotic examination of lung extracts in the wilhelmy balance showed no abnormalities in the spontaneously breathing animals. If one compares these findings, indicating an irritation of surfactant by halothane and methoxyflurane with the results after IPPB the conclusion can be made that under these circumstances IPPB represents an additional stress for the alveolar lining layer. From the theoretical point of view therefore it would be advisable in patients with surfactant deficiencies to avoid the combination of halothane or methoxyflurane with IPPB. The use of PEEP will be discussed in part II. The value of periodical sighs could not be established under our conditions. Longer periods of spontaneous breathing seem only advisable under halothane but not under enflurane or methoxyflurane because their respiratory depressant properties.

Acidosis, Respiratory↗
PubMed1977

[The influence of Halothane on surfactant activity of the lung (author's transl)].

Halothane, momentarily the most popular inhalation anaesthetic, was examined in respect of its surfactant irritating properties in 13 rabbits. After five hours IPPB-anaesthesia with this compound there was a highly significant fall of the compliance quotient (CQ), at the moment the most reliable criterion for the surfactant activity "in situ", from 3.34 to 2.76. Lung histology revealed patchy atelectasis, dystelectasis and interstitial edema. In contrast to this remarkable mechanical and structural deterioration, blood gas analyses showed a surprising stability of gas exchange, hinting a tremendous functional reserve. Postnarcotic examination of lung extracts in the Wilhelmy balance exhibited no persistent damage of the specific alveolar lining layer. On the basis of these experimental findings we recommend that halothane should not be used in patients with preexisting impairment of pulmonary surfactant system.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Activation of vitamin D 3 and the mode of action of 1,25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-hydroxycholecalciferol].

A survey is given on the present state of the animal-biochemical research concerning the effectivity of the D-vitamins. The vitamin D3 is transferred in 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the microsome fraction of the liver. Then in the kidneys a transformation into the physiologically active forms - the 1,25- and the 24,25-hydroxycholecalciferol - takes place. The kind of transformation depends on the Ca- and P-supply as well as on the level of the parathormone secretion. In the mucous membrane of the small intestine the 1,25- and the 24,25-hydroxycholecalciferol stimulate the formation of the Ca-transport protein. The 1,25-hydroxycholecalciferol is above all formed in hypocalcaemia or hypophosphataemia and furthers the mobilisation of Ca- and phosphate-ions from the bones. In a liver damage disturbances of the formation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and in renal damage disturbances of the formation of 1,25- and 24,25-hydroxycholecalciferol may appear. A reduction of the formation of the active forms of the D-vitamins leads to a decrease of the Ca-utilisation as well as of the growth of bones.

Biological Availability↗