Biomedical subjects

E Koumandakis

Publications and source records attributed to E Koumandakis.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

Multimodal cancer chemotherapy during the first and second trimester of pregnancy: a case report.

This paper reports treatment with combined chemotherapy during pregnancy. A 39-year-old woman with breast cancer was given adjuvant chemotherapy including cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 6-fluorouracil from the 6th to the 24th week of gestation. The possibility of teratogenic effects on the fetus was explained to the patient however she refused to terminate the pregnancy. A 30-week male infant with only a minor malformation was delivered. The authors reviewed the literature regarding chemotherapeutic agents given during the first trimester of pregnancy. Most cytotoxic drugs have teratogenic effects on experimental animal subjects. However, actual data on human fetuses are sparse because of the variety of therapeutic regimens and the rarity of administering chemotherapy during pregnancy. The long-term effects of exposure to cytotoxic drugs in utero, needs further research.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Reported influenza in pregnancy and childhood tumour.

The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that exposure to influenza in pregnancy increases the risk of tumour of certain type in childhood. Children ages 17 years or less diagnosed in Greece with brain tumours or neuroblastomas from 1982 to 1993 (n = 94) were contrasted to 210 controls selected from the same hospitals. Mothers of these children were interviewed about a variety of possible etiologic factors. The prevalence of influenza in Greece for each year during the period 1984-1992 was also compared with the number of children born during the same year who subsequently developed brain tumour or neuroblastoma. The results indicate a significant association between influenza in pregnant women and occurrence of tumour in index child (OR: 3.15, 95% CI: 1.13-8.77). These results persisted when adjustment for potential confounding factors was made. The findings should be interpreted cautiously because of lack of serologic documentation of information about infection obtained in interviews. A positive correlation (r = 0.74) of the number of tumour births by year of birth with the prevalence of influenza during the same year was also noted. This exploratory study is one of the few case-control studies of the epidemiology of childhood tumours in children, and the results suggest directions for future epidemiologic studies in this relatively uncharted field.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Fractionated carboplatin radiosensitization: a phase I dose-escalation study.

Carboplatin is one of the most common drugs used for radiochemotherapy of cancer. However, the best way to combine the drug with fractionated radiotherapy has not been established. In the present study the authors investigated which maximum tolerated daily bolus dose of carboplatin would allow safe radiopotentiation for 10 consecutive radiotherapy days, the scheme being repeated twice during the 6 weeks that a conventional radiotherapy scheme lasts. Seventy-two patients with lung or pelvis malignancies were included in a dose escalation study. Twenty-four patients comprised the first baseline cohort and were treated with radiotherapy alone. The daily dose of carboplatin was escalated starting from 38 mg/m2 daily (for 10 days) and increasing by 7 mg/m2 per day. Six patients were to be included in each cohort. All 12 patients treated at the 38 mg/m2 and 45 mg/m2 dose level completed two cycles of 10-day carboplatin treatment with no grade III-IV toxicity. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor effectively averted the incidence of neutropenia and allowed the administration of the second carboplatin 10-day cycle in five of six patients at the 52 mg/m2 daily dose level. Platelet grade III-IV toxicity was observed in all 12 patients (six supported with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and six with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and recombinant human erythropoietin) treated at the 59 mg/m2 daily dose level and none of them received the second cycle of chemotherapy. Twelve patients were treated at the same dose level using amifostine 500 mg before carboplatin infusion. Two patients interrupted chemotherapy because of severe nausea and vomiting. Nine of 10 who accomplished the 10-day treatment had platelet levels more than 90,000/microl on day 28 and completed the second 10-day cycle without severe toxicity. Acute radiation toxicity did not increase in the carboplatin cohorts. In this study the authors established a high-dose fractionated carboplatin schedule that can be safely administered during radical radiotherapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Effects of gestation age and of birth weight in the concentration of carnitine in the umbilical plasma.

To investigate the factors which affect the concentrations of the total, the free, and the acylcarnitine in neonates, blood was taken from the umbilical cord of 49 newborn infants ranging in gestation age (g. a.) from 32-40 weeks (mean g. a.: 36.8 +/- 2.6 weeks) and in birth weight (b. w.) from 1300 gr.-4300 gr. (mean b. w.: 2299 +/- 457 gr.). The carnitine and its fractions were studied in plasma. Twenty-eight of the neonates studied were premature (g. a. < or = 37 weeks) and 21 were full-term (g. a. > 37 weeks). The concentration of the total, free, and acylcarnitine in premature neonates was 28.0 +/- 2.3 mumol/L, 15.9 +/- 1.3 mumol/L, and 12.0 +/- 1.3 mumol/L, respectively. For the full-term neonates the respective concentrations were: 25.2 +/- 2.2 mumol/L, 14.6 +/- 1.5 mumol/L, and 10.7 +/- 1.5 mumol/L. These differences in concentrations between premature and full-term infants were statistically significant. For the total number of neonates studied the concentration of total, free, and of acylcarnitine was 26.8 +/- 2.6 mumol/L, 15.3 +/- 1.9 mumol/L, 11.5 +/- 1.5 mumol/L respectively. The calculation of the correlation coefficients for the total number of neonates showed the existence of a statistically significant negative correlation between the total, free and acetyl carnitine in terms of gestation age and birth weight. The comparative analysis of the correlation coefficients showed greater coefficient values between the total and the acylcarnitine in terms of birth weight. The latter finding, combined with the low rate of acylcarnitine decline, are indirect indications that the fetus uses carnitine as a source of energy, which affects the levels of total and acylcarnitine in the plasma.

Birth Weight↗

PubMed1986

Enhanced phagocytosis of mononuclear phagocytes in pregnancy.

The phagocytic activity of peripheral blood mononuclear phagocytes for Staphylococcus epidermis of healthy non-pregnant and pregnant women throughout pregnancy was examined in relation to gestational age. The study included 30 healthy non-pregnant women and 90 healthy pregnant women equally distributed across the three trimesters. Two variables were investigated: the number of mononuclear cells in phagocytosis and the average number of bacteria per monocyte in phagocytosis. As pregnancy progressed a gradual and significant increase was found in the number of monocytes in phagocytosis and a significantly higher proportion of macrophages with six or more bacteria per phagocyte.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Psychosocial stress and its relation to obstetrical complications.

A Greek adaptation of the Schedule of Recent Experience of Holmes and Rahe was employed to study the relationship of psychosocial stress to symptoms during pregnancy, obstetric complications, family planning and breast feeding. An initial experiment with 130 pregnant women in the third trimester indicated that psychosocial stress was not related to education, whether they were from Athens or the provinces, nor age. The second experiment with 103 mothers 3 or 4 days after delivery indicated that high psychosocial stress is related to increased symptom scores during pregnancy and to obstetric complications. Symptoms were not related to obstetric complications, nor were family planning nor breast feeding. Psychosocial stress was also related to family planning and also to whether or not the mother breast fed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1979

[Antimeningococcal antibodies in healthy mothers and their newborn (author's transl)].

Blood specimen from 180 healthy mothers and their newborn were obtained during the delivery for the evaluation of placental transfer of anti-A, anti-B and anti-C antimeningococcal antibodies. The detection of titration of antibodies were performed by passive haemagglutination. Anti-A antibodies were found in 22%, anti-B in 64%, and anti-C in 30% of the mothers. In the newborns the corresponding proportions were 4.5%, 50% and 28%. For anti-A and anti-B antibodies a moderate positive correlation was found between the titre in mothers and their newborn. For anti-A antibodies, titres were generally low among both mothers and newborn and passive transfer was found in only 20%. For anti-B antibodies, titres were higher among both mothers and their newborn. Titre in newborn was as a rule lower than the corresponding titre of mother. Placental transfer of anti-B antibodies was high (78%). Finally, a strong positive correlation between the titre of mothers and their newborn was found for anti-C antibodies. Titres were usually similar in mothers and newborns and the placental transfer of anti-C antibodies was practically free (93%).

Antibodies, Bacterial↗