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Biomedical subjects

E Kraft

Publications and source records attributed to E Kraft.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Decrease of D2 receptors indicated by 123I-iodobenzamide single-photon emission computed tomography relates to neurological deficit in treated Wilson's disease.

Single-photon emission computed tomography with 123I-iodobenzamide, a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, was employed to study dopamine D2 receptor densities in 17 patients with biochemically proved Wilson's disease and stable neurological status with therapy and in 5 age-matched control subjects. Of the 17 patients with Wilson's disease, 5 were neurologically asymptomatic, 3 had cerebellar signs, 1 exhibited a mild parkinsonian syndrome, 7 showed a parkinsonian syndrome and cerebellar signs, and 1 had generalized dystonia and a parkinsonian syndrome. In 5 age-matched control subjects specific isotope binding as calculated by the basal ganglia to frontal cortex ratio was 1.57 +/- 0.04 (mean +/- standard deviation). The ratio in patients with Wilson's disease ranged from 1.56 +/- 0.05 (n = 5, asymptomatic patients) to 1.17 +/- 0.02 (n = 4, marked neurological impairment). We observed an almost linear correlation between the reduction of 123I-iodobenzamide (IBZM) binding and the severity of neurological signs at the time of IBZM-SPECT (correlation coefficient, -0.84; p < 0.01). We suggest that the reduction of postsynaptic striatal dopamine D2 receptors as detected by IBZM-SPECT reflects striatal neuronal damage in Wilson's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

An experimental study of vertical deviations induced by different interocclusal recording materials.

This study was designed to determine vertical deviations in mounting casts on an articulator as affected by the recording material. Five different recording materials were tested after storage of the records for 30 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours. Two measuring systems were used to register simultaneously the vertical errors at the occlusal plane and at the condyle of an articulator. The results indicated that the measurements made at the condyle cannot detect the vertical deviations induced at the occlusal surfaces. None of the materials tested gave reliable results. Advantages, disadvantages, and indications of the different materials were discussed.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1991

[Drug therapy of progressive hearing disorders in children].

In 1987 and 1988 Nickisch et al. discussed the effect of infusions of prednisolone, pentoxifylline and, partially, piracetam in Ringer lactate solvent on progressive sensorineural hearing loss in childhood and adolescence. Time of observations was 4 years. Unfortunately long-term investigations could not confirm the initially good therapeutic results of 1987/88. In 35% were found permanently and in 12.5% temporarily better auditory thresholds after infusion. The loss of progressive sensorineural hearing in childhood usually takes a fateful course that can hardly be influenced. As is the case with adults, good therapeutic results can most probably be achieved by infusions starting close to the event, i.e. within 48 hours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

National characteristics of dental treatment in disaster victim identification.

In this age of mass tourism it is necessary to identify repeatedly a great number of casualties. In otherwise hopeless cases of identification dental alloys can be broken down by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis and an scanning electron microscope to furnish valuable clues as to the country of their origin.

Dental Alloys↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of porcelain fused to metal on the accuracy of fit of various alloys].

One high gold and five low gold porcelain bonding alloys were examined for dimensional changes after fusion of the porcelain. With the same processing techniques applied, the individual firings resulted in varying changes in the accuracy of fit of the tested alloys. Averaging at -0.09 mm Bond-on 4 showed the greatest marginal discrepancies and this was the only alloy that displayed a statistically significant difference to Degudent U.

Dental Bonding↗
PubMed1991

[Comparative material studies on dental stones in accordance with DIN 13911].

It was the object of this investigation to compare nine high-strength stone plasters in terms of visual appearance, pouring time, setting time, setting expansion, compressive strength and detail reproduction in accordance with DIN 13911 and ISO 6873 using both standard consistency as indicated in the industrial standard and the water-to-powder ratio as indicated by the manufacturer. None of the tested stones met the visual requirements in all points. Regarding their physical properties, six tested stones were up to standard. Three stones failed to meet the DIN and ISO requirements. Following the manufacturer's mixing instructions resulted in a significant improvement in material properties as against standard consistency. Disregarding some minor improvements required, DIN 13911 and ISO 6873 are useful standards for a standardized comparison of dental plasters.

Calcium Sulfate↗
PubMed1991

[Labyrinthitis ossificans after pneumococcal meningitis].

In labyrinthitis ossificans the membranous labyrinth and the endosteum are obliterated by pathological ossification. The pathogenesis, differential diagnosis and radiological findings of a case of labyrinthitis ossificans caused by pneumococcal meningitis are described. The destructive process in the membranous labyrinth can be shown by radiology. The importance of early diagnosis for rehabilitation of hearing loss after treatment is demonstrated.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1990

An experimental study on the influence of the derived casts on the accuracy of different recording materials. Part I: Plaster, impression compound, and wax.

An experimental study was conducted to analyze the accuracy of transferring jaw relations with recording materials and the derived casts. A specific measuring system was designed to determine three-dimensional deviations of the condyles of an articulator. Four interocclusal recording materials were analyzed after various storage periods. The results indicated that the accuracy of the derived cast had a critical influence on the accuracy of the transferred jaw relations. None of the materials were reliable; the most accurate material generated deviations of approximately 300 microns.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

An experimental study on the influence of the derived casts on the accuracy of different recording materials. Part II: Polyether, acrylic resin, and corrected wax wafer.

A specific testing system was used to determine the three-dimensional changes of interocclusal registration materials for a simulated patient and the derived stone casts. The results indicated that the deviations of the derived casts were more pronounced than the original models. There was great heterogeneity with all recording materials and the materials were not consistently accurate after limited storage of 30 minutes.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1990

Effects of the temperature of cooling water during high-speed and ultrahigh-speed tooth preparation.

In vitro measurements of heat production in the pulp chamber during tooth preparation were performed on intact third molars. The experiments were designed to simulate physiologic temperature conditions in the tooth and oral cavity and to standardize parameters of tooth preparation. Two drive systems, the turbine and the high-speed angle, were compared by using two ranges of cooling water temperature. The critical temperature of 41 degrees C to 42 degrees C that is irreversibly harmful to pulpal tissue was not reached with a cooling water temperature of 30 degrees C to 34 degrees C. Because the temperature elevation during turbine preparation was dependent on the diminishing thickness of remaining dentin, in preparing teeth close to the pulp, a high-speed angle was advantageous.

Dental Cavity Preparation↗
PubMed1990

Study of the accuracy of different recording materials.

An experimental study was conducted to determine the three-dimensional errors in mounting casts affected by the interocclusal recording materials. Eight commonly used materials or combinations were tested after various storage periods. The results indicated that all the materials induced asymmetric deviations of the condyles after each storage period. Impression plaster was the most accurate and dimensionally stable material; polyether was the second most accurate material, but it must be used within 6 hours. Correction of the teeth imprints with a low-viscosity material was beneficial only in combination with wax wafers.

Dental Articulators↗
PubMed1990

Reaction of cultured pulp cells to eight different cements based on glass ionomers.

A comparative study was carried out to determine the cytotoxicity of eight different glass-ionomer cements by means of cell culture. Only fibroblast-like cells from the pulp of the same subcultures were used. Factors for the evaluation of the biological tolerance were, first, adhesion of cells to the slides as well as to the material, second, relative growth rates of cultures, and, in addition, cytomorphology. The cultured cells reacted quite differently to the glass-ionomer cements tested. The results imply that cytotoxic substances are eluted from some products even after a hardening period of 48 hours. In contrast, three of the glass-ionomer cements tested had only slight cytotoxic effects on the cultured pulp cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Experimental study on the biocompatibility of lining cements based on glass ionomer as compared with calcium hydroxide.

An in vitro study with cultured fibroblast-like cells of the pulp was used to assess the biological tolerance of three lining cements based on glass ionomers and two hard liners containing calcium hydroxide. The results indicate that strong cytotoxic components of all g.-i. lining cements tested can be eluted even after hardening for 48 hours. In contrast, the two liners based on calcium hydroxide proved to be of greater biocompatibility after the same hardening period. Therefore, use of calcium hydroxide liners is recommended for placement in deep cavities near the pulp.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative material testing of dental impression and articulation plasters according to German Industrial Standard DIN 13911].

The purpose of the present investigation was a comparison of three special articulation plasters and three impression plasters. As DIN 13911 does not refer to articulation plasters, the inspection as well as the testing of pouring time, setting time, setting expansion and compressive strength using standard and manufacturer's consistence as carried out conforming to the guidelines for impression plasters. None of the tested plasters could meet the requirements of inspection in all points. Considering the physical parameters all plasters are up to standard, while Alpa quickstone and Arti-Plaster exhibited very low expansion and high compressive strength values. Although the compressive strength standard needs redefining, the value of a standardized testing technique for dental plasters is evident.

Calcium Sulfate↗
PubMed1990

[Pediatric audiologic-phoniatric aspects of mannosidosis].

The diagnosis of speech and hearing disorders should include lysosomal storage disorders in the differential diagnosis. The diagnostic and therapeutic aspects are described of a child with a deficiency of alpha-D-mannosidase.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1979

Did Röntgen discover the X ray by himself?

The historical background of the discovery of the x ray and some of Lenard's claims to priority are discussed. There is no doubt that the x ray is the sole discovery of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.

Famous Persons↗