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Biomedical subjects

E Kunze

Publications and source records attributed to E Kunze.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Case-control study for the diagnosis of occupational factors in bladder cancer].

The occupations and life-style factors of 531 male bladder cancer patients were compared with matched hospital controls; risk estimates were obtained as odds ratios of discordant pairs. The case-control study as a "fishing approach" for occupational risk factors has proven successfully that established hazards for cancer could be confirmed (e g smoking, bladder infections, mining and chemical exposures), and others were identified for the first time in Germany (vehicle driving, spray painting, oil- and petroleum exposures). Not only could smoking-adjusted risk estimates be statistically confirmed but also trends of risk increasing with duration of occupational exposure were determined. Logistic regressions were performed to determine the influence of life-style factors on occupational risks.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cell cycle dependence of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced tumour development in the proliferating, partially resected rat urinary bladder.

In the present experiments the dependence of tumour induction upon the different phases of the cell cycle in the proliferating urinary bladder was examined. For stimulation of urothelial proliferation, a one-third resection of the bladder was performed in female Wistar rats. To synchronize the proliferating urothelial cells, hydroxyurea (HU) was given in 23 fractionated, consecutive intraperitoneal doses (0.1 mg/g body weight each) at hourly intervals shortly prior to and during maximal proliferation (between 33 and 55 h following partial cystectomy). The direct-acting urothelial carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) was administered as a single, intravesicular pulse dose (5 mg/kg body weight) during the different cell cycle phases and to control animals with a non-resected, quiescent bladder (G0-phase). The incidence of urothelial bladder tumours was 32.6% in the controls. By comparison, the tumour incidences were 18.9, 9.3, 21.7, 26.3, 25.0 and 30.0%, respectively, when MNU was instilled during the late G1-, early and late S-, G2 + M-, and the early and late postmitotic phase. The results obtained from a total of 283 rats thus clearly document a cell-cycle-specific inhibition of MNU-induced tumour development in the proliferating urinary bladder, particularly when the carcinogen was administered during the early S-phase (P less than 0.016). There were no differences in the histology and extension of the urothelial bladder tumours found in the different experimental groups. MNU has also been shown to produce urothelial tumours in the renal pelvis (overall tumour incidence: 3.2%) and ureters (1.4%) as well as mesenchymal tumours in the bladder (4.9%) and kidneys (1.4%). Conclusions are tentatively drawn about the mechanisms underlying the observed cell-cycle-specific inhibition of urothelial carcinogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Occupation and risk of cancer of the lower urinary tract among men. A case-control study.

Data from a hospital-based matched case-control study with 531 male pairs were analyzed for risks of cancer of the lower urinary tract associated with previous employment and particular occupational exposures. Statistically significant odds ratios were obtained for ever-employment as mining workers (2.0), turners (2.3), tailors (2.7), truck drivers (1.8), locomotive drivers (3.0) and janitors (3.5), whereas odds ratios of 3.0 or more, found for rubber and plastics workers, printing workers, gas workers, artists and chemists were not statistically significant. When adjusted for smoking, there was a trend toward increasing relative risks with increasing duration of employment as truck drivers and as turners, and relative risks rose 3-fold for 30 or more years of employment. With regard to a priori high-risk industries, ever-employment in the rubber, plastics and synthetics, dyestuff and paints, mining, and printing industries and secondary processing was associated with significantly higher relative risks, and a statistically significant trend in risk with increasing duration of employment was found for the first 3 industries mentioned. With regard to job-related exposures to specified substances, the relative risks observed for increasing duration of exposure suggest that exposures to petroleum, oils, chromium/chromate, spray paints, and zinc, which correspond to exposures involved in the occupations showing a higher relative risk in this study, are associated with a higher risk for cancer of the lower urinary tract.

Germany, West↗
PubMed1988

Changes in lectin-binding features of ram sperm surfaces associated with epididymal maturation and ejaculation.

Ram sperm, isolated from the caput, corpus, and cauda epididymidis, plus ejaculated cells were washed free of loosely bound components and tested for their ability to bind fluorescein-conjugated lectins (Con A, SBA, RCA, PNA, ECA and WGA) as assessed by epiluminescent-fluorescence light microscopy and flow cytometry. Detailed preliminary studies established an appropriate lectin-to-sperm ratio and incubation conditions for quantitative comparisons of sperm cell types and permitted a detailed analysis of both the amount of lectin bound as well as its distribution on the various aspects of the cell surface. Con A (mannose positive) bound weakly over the entire surface, with little change associated with maturation in the male tract. SBA (N-acetylgalactosamine positive) bound moderately strongly to caput sperm, with an emphasis on the apical ridge portion of the cell; during epididymal transit this binding was greatly diminished and was regained upon ejaculation. RCA, PNA, and ECA (galactose positive) gave generally equivalent results, where initially strong binding to the entire sperm surface decreased (over all parts of the surface except the anterior head) during epididymal maturation, with no change associated with ejaculation. WGA (sialic acid positive) binding initially was weak, but increased with epididymal transit and ejaculation. In vitro incubations with beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase confirmed the assignments given above. These data, when coupled with previous reports describing the heterogeneous distribution of proteins and lipids and changes in their distribution associated with epididymal maturation, serve to quantitatively describe changes in those aspects of the cell surface that are probably responsible for the acquisition of the capacity of the sperm to bind successfully to the oocyte.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Acute metastasis-induced pancreatitis in bronchial carcinoma].

Pancreatic metastases were found in 14 of 250 patients (5.6%) with bronchial carcinoma. The most common histological type leading to pancreatic metastases was the small-cell anaplastic carcinoma (86%). Metastasis-induced pancreatitis is rare, having been noted in only one patient (metastases in the head of the pancreas). In two other patients acute pancreatitis was found by autopsy which, however, had been clinically silent. In the other eleven the pancreatic metastases were also clinically silent.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Synchronization of stimulated urothelial proliferation. Experimental models for cell cycle specific testing of bladder carcinogens.

In the present experiments an attempt was made to synchronize urothelial proliferation in the urinary bladder of rats stimulated by either a partial cystectomy (one-third resection) or a single i.p. administration (100 mg/kg) of CP. To temporarily inhibit DNA synthesis HU was given intraperitoneally in multiple fractionated doses (0.1 mg/g each) at hourly intervals during the period of most pronounced proliferative activity between 33 and 55 h after partial cystectomy and between 26 and 44 h after injection of CP. Following partial cystectomy the 3H-TdR index rapidly increased after termination of the HU administration reaching peak values of 54% and 56% at 6 and 8 h, respectively. Thereafter, there was a sharp decline of the percentage of DNA synthesizing cells within 2 h to 24% at 10 h. Then 16 h after removal of the HU block the 3H-TdR index amounted to 15%. At 20 h the labeling increased again to 22%, indicating that the initially blocked cells were capable of going through another cell cycle. After 1 week the 3H-TdR index was 2.5% and after 15 days 0.2%. Synchronously with the decrease of DNA synthesis the mitotic index rapidly increased reaching a maximum value of 4.3% at 10 h. The total fraction of 3H-TdR-labeled cells (growth fraction) was 57%. Following administration of CP 3H-TdR incorporation increased steeply after the last injection of HU and at 6 h a maximum value of 50% was obtained. Subsequently, the 3H-TdR index gradually decreased to 11% after 12 h. At 8, 15, and 30 days labeling indices of 1.9%, 0.5%, and 0.3% were determined. The mitotic index was highest with 0.21-0.22% between 12 and 16 h after removal of the HU block. The growth fraction amounted to 53%. The results reported here show a satisfactory degree of synchrony of stimulated urothelial proliferation obtained by multiple fractionated doses of HU. In particular the cystectomy model will be useful for testing possible cell cycle specificity of urothelial carcinogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Histology and biology of metastatic chondroblastoma. Report of a case with a review of the literature.

This case report of a metastasizing chondroblastoma with a review of the literature was undertaken to gain a better understanding of the biologic behavior of this exceedingly rare tumor and thus to facilitate its clinical management. The lung was by far the most frequent metastatic site. Thus, all 7 patients with a proven metastatic chondroblastoma recorded up to now including the present case had developed multiple pulmonary metastases. The interval between the initial diagnosis of the primary and manifestation of lung metastases proved to be long, with a mean of 8.4 years. The average survival time was at least 12.3 years. The mean interval between diagnosis of metastatic disease and death amounted to at least 6.3 years. The histomorphologic features of metastatic chondroblastoma, its local recurrences and of the metastatic lesions differed in no way from conventional chondroblastomas. Because of the lack of cellular criteria of malignancy it is impossible to predict the potential biologic behavior of chondroblastomas, in particular with respect to their ability to metastasize. However, the presence of tumor emboli in the primary lesion is highly suggestive of a subsequent development of metastatic disease. The delayed induction of hematogenous metastases is best explained by a limited growth potential of the tumor cells. In case of a large primary tumor--especially in flat bones--with soft tissue invasion or in the presence of tumor emboli an aggressive surgical approach is suggested. When lung metastases have developed their surgical removal is recommended to hopefully prolong live expectancy or even to obtain a curative effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effect of phenacetin and caffeine on N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine-initiated urothelial carcinogenesis in rats.

The present experimental study was undertaken to clarify whether phenacetin and caffeine exert a cocarcinogenic and/or promoting effect on N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN)-initiated urothelial carcinogenesis. BBN was initially administered to female Wistar rats by gavage in 3 consecutive fractionated doses of 100 mg/kg body weight each at 24-hour intervals. Phenacetin was continuously fed at a daily dose of 500 mg/kg body weight, and caffeine was given in the drinking water at a dose of 110 mg/kg body weight/day throughout the experiment. After an experimental period of 21 months the incidence of BBN-induced tumors in the urinary bladder (number of rats with a bladder tumor) had not increased following additional administration of phenacetin alone (47%) or in combination with caffeine (48%) compared with the control group, the animals of which received exclusively BBN (44%). However, there was a significant enhancement of a multifocal tumor development (number of rats with more than 1 tumor in the bladder), when additionally phenacetin was fed alone (44% of the tumor-bearing animals) or in combination with caffeine (47%) compared with the control rats treated with BBN alone which showed only solitary tumors. Similarly, the incidence of a multicentric tumor development had increased, although not significantly, following administration of phenacetin alone or simultaneously with caffeine for 15 months. Caffeine revealed no complete initiating carcinogenic potential for the resting as well as the regenerating bladder urothelium stimulated to proliferate by either a partial cystectomy or cyclophosphamide. Furthermore, no cocarcinogenic and/or promoting activity of caffeine on BBN-initiated bladder tumor development was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Modification of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats following stimulation of urothelial proliferation by a partial cystectomy.

The present experiments are concerned with the question whether stimulation of urothelial proliferation modifies tumor development in the urinary bladder. To induce proliferative activity of the urothelium a partial cystectomy (one-third resection of the bladder) was performed in female Wistar rats. N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) was used as a carcinogen which acts directly on the urothelium without requiring metabolic activation. MNU was given as a single intravesicular dose of 5 mg/kg body weight via a urethral catheter. After an experimental period of 15 months rats with an intact quiescent bladder showed a tumor incidence of 32.6%. Rats having received MNU 45 h following partial cystectomy - when proliferative activity reached its peak - had developed bladder tumors with a frequency of 17.9%. Initial administration of MNU followed 24 h later by a one-third resection of the bladder resulted in a tumor incidence of only 8.8%. The histologic types of tumors induced proved to be similar to those found with other carcinogens. However, by contrast the majority of urothelial tumors were characterized by a squamous metaplasia. There was no substantial difference between the various histologic tumor types found in the resting and regenerating bladder. The mechanisms responsible for the observed inhibition of tumor development in the regenerating bladder are unknown. It is assumed that an increased capacity of the proliferating urothelial cells to repair carcinogen-induced DNA damage may play an important role.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Association of cancer of the lower urinary tract with consumption of alcoholic beverages. A case-control study.

This preliminary report deals with findings on the consumption of alcoholic beverages (beer, high-proof spirits, wine) and risk of tumors of the lower urinary tract from 340 male patients with urothelial cancer and an equal number of matched hospital controls (age and sex) without any malignant disease. After adjustment for smoking, beer drinkers had an overall increased odds ratio of 1.6 and showed a clear dose-response relationship (odds ratio of 1.2, 2.1 and 2.8 after daily consumption of up to 0.5, 0.5-1.0 and greater than 1 1). Drinkers of high-proof spirits also revealed an elevated odds ratio (of 1.7) compared with abstainers or occasional consumers, as well as increased risks with higher consumption (odds ratios were 1.5 and 2.7 after drinking up to 0.5 and greater than 0.51 per week). No relationship was found with wine drinking. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, only beer consumption showed a significant association.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1986

Life-style and occupational risk factors in cancer of the lower urinary tract.

In a matched case-control study of cancer of the lower urinary tract in northern Germany in which 340 male and 91 female case-control pairs were interviewed between 1977 and 1982, cigarette smokers were found to have an odds ratio of 2.3 for males and 2.9 for females compared with nonsmokers. A significant dose-response relation was observed for increasing cigarette consumption, and a significant decrease in risk was shown for ex-smokers. Employment in rubber, plastics, dye, textiles, and mining industries was associated with a higher risk, and increased odds ratios were also observed for exposure to spray painting, coal pitch, chromium, and zinc. Controlling for smoking, an elevated risk of 2.3 for drinking more than four cups of coffee per day and significant odds ratios of 2.1 and 2.8 for a daily consumption of 0.5-1.0 liter and above 1.0 liter of beer, respectively, were noted among men. A highly significant odds ratio of 4.0 was found for a daily fluid intake of more than 2 liters. Dietary habits such as the frequent consumption of canned food and fatty meals were associated with a higher risk, whereas a regular consumption of fruits and vegetables was associated with a lower risk. Fourteen determinants found to be important in this case-control series were analyzed by using multiple logistic regression.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Coexistence of an extensive tubulovillous adenoma of the duodenum and a cancer of Vater's ampulla].

In the present paper we report about a patient with a large tubulo-villous duodenal adenoma associated with a carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. Despite of lacking pre- and intraoperative evidence of malignancy a Whipple operation was performed because of extensive growth of the duodenal adenoma and its location near the ampulla of Vater. The carcinoma of the ampulla could be diagnosed only postoperatively in the resected duodenum. The problems of the presented case and the operative procedure is discussed based on a review of the literature.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Biology of metastasizing ameloblastoma.

The present report of a malignant metastasizing ameloblastoma and a critical review of literature was undertaken in an attempt to better understand the biological potential and behavior of this rare tumor and thus to facilitate its clinical management. Most of the 26 patients with a proven malignant ameloblastoma including the present case had developed multiple recurrences. The lung was the most frequent metastatic site (88%) followed by regional lymph nodes (27%). Furthermore metastases were observed in some cases in the bone, brain, kidney, small intestine and liver. The interval between diagnosis of tumor and manifestation of metastases was long with a median of 11.1 years. The average survival time was 13.1 years. By contrast, the interval between diagnosis of metastatic disease and death was relatively short (median: 2.6 years). The histologic and cytologic pattern of malignant ameloblastoma and of its metastases was not significantly different from that of non-metastatic ameloblastoma. Because of the lack of morphological criteria of malignancy the biological behavior of ameloblastomas cannot be predicted. It is difficult to be certain which factors are important in the delayed induction of metastases. It is suspected that ameloblastomas possess an inherent low grade malignancy which is stimulated by multiple recurrences. It is further assumed that the metastatic tumor cells have a slow growth rate resulting in late clinical manifestation of metastases. When lung metastases occur we recommend their surgical removal in order to prolong live expectancy or even to obtain a curative effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Biological and biochemical characterization of a somatostatin-producing human carcinoma established by heterotransplantation.

A somatostatin-producing human carcinoma cell line was established by heterotransplantation into athymic nude mice. The original material, which was derived from a colon tumor of a patient who had previously had bilateral ovarian tumors contained 66 ng extractable somatostatin/g tissue. Somatostatin-producing cells could be identified by immunohistochemistry within the first tumor transplants. Although initially the somatostatin concentration was low (14 ng/g) a progressive increase was observed with each successive transplantation so that after 10 passages it reached a level of 127 ng/g tissue. Analysis of tumor extracts by gel filtration and high-performance liquid chromatography indicated that somatostatin-14 was the only molecular form produced by the original and by the transplanted tumor after multiple passages. This result demonstrates that the tumor has the ability to constitutively express the prosomatostatin gene and to process the primary translation product to somatostatin-14.

Animals↗