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Biomedical subjects

E L Cussler

Publications and source records attributed to E L Cussler.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Use of temperature-sensitive gel for concentration of influenza virus from infected allantoic fluids.

Cross-linked, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel was used to concentrate avian influenza virus from allantoic fluid. Placing the gel in virus-infected allantoic fluid at 4 degrees C caused the gel to swell and absorb small molecular weight solutes, while excluding avian influenza virus and other large particles. Warming the gel to 37 degrees C or more caused the gel to collapse. The gel remained functional after sterilization in an autoclave and could be reused to concentrate other samples of allantoic fluid. Using a combined concentration and elution technique, we were able to achieve an average of 84.2% virus recovery, while reducing the fluid volume from 90 ml to 7.6 ml.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1978

Cholesterol monohydrate growth in model bile solutions.

The growth of cholesterol monohydrate from solutions of bile salt, lecithin, and small electrolytes has been studied by microscopy and with the Coulter Counter. The crystal forms found by microscopy are the same as those seen in human gallstones and in squirrel monkey cholesterol microliths. The cholesterol growth rates determined with the Coulter Counter vary slowly with cholesterol concentration at low degree of supersaturation but become exponential at higher cholesterol concentrations. Growth is accelerated by the presence of calcium and magnesium but inhibited by potassium. These results can be combined with previous measurements of cholesterol dissolution rates to give a more accurate picture of the dynamics of gallstone formation.

Bile↗
PubMed1975

Diffusion in bile and its implications on detergency.

Diffusion coefficients of bile salts, lecithin, and cholesterol above the critical micelle concentration have been measured with the diaphragm cell at varying concentrations of bile salts, lecithin, and added electrolyte. The diffusion of the bile salt can be five times faster than that of the solubilized lipids. This is shown not to be an artifact of multicomponent diffusion, but a result of a different transport mechanism of the bile salt. As a consequence, the concentration of bile salt and lipids at the surface of a cholesterol gallstone can differ from those in the bile solution. The effects of this upon growth and dissolution in detergent solutions are discussed.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1975

Predicting subjective spreadability, viscosity, and stickiness.

Subjective spreadability, viscosity, and stickiness perceived with the fingers were predicted from fluid mechanics. The correlation coefficients of these predictions were 0.95 for spreadability, 0.95 for viscosity, and 0.09 for stickiness. The two important assumptions in the predictions were that spreadability and viscosity were perceived as shear stress and that stickiness was perceived as time. When the finger geometry was approximated as two parallel plates, the predictions only required rheological data for the Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids used. While these liquids covered a range of 10-6 in apparent viscosity, large variations in other fluid properties such as density and surface tension were not studied.

Acrylamides↗
PubMed1974

Accelerating gallstone dissolution.

The dissolution rates of cholesterol in model bile salt solutions are controlled by diffusion in slowly flowing bile and by interfacial kinetics in rapidly flowing bile. At low flow, dissolution varies with the square root of bile flow and can be predicted, a priori, from existing correlations of mass transfer. At high bile flow, dissolution is independent of bile flow and is probably dominated by the rate of micelle adsorption. These results show that cholesterol gallstone dissolution, a potential nonsurgical therapy for cholelithiasis, can be accelerated little in slow bile, but more significantly in rapidly flowing bile.

Bile↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Overloaded hollow-fiber liquid chromatography.

Liquid chromatography in hollow fibers can separate solutes like flavors and proteins by using a stationary phase of organic solvent, sometimes containing reversed micelles. Such separations, which have a much smaller pressure drop than equivalent separations in packed beds, show dispersion consistent with chromatographic theories at low flows and dilute feeds. These separations behave less predictably at high flows and concentrated feeds, which overload the hollow fibers. The results for flavors correlate well with the Graetz number, consistent with available theories of chromatography and adsorption. The results for proteins correlate poorly with the Graetz number but better with a dimensionless flux based on facilitated diffusion in the stationary phase.

Absorption↗