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Biomedical subjects

E L Frederickson

Publications and source records attributed to E L Frederickson.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of the effects of acupuncture and codeine on postoperative dental pain.

The analgesic effects of acupuncture were compared with those of codeine in the treatment of postoperative dental pain in 40 healthy male volunteers 18 to 30 years old. Upon the patient's recovery from local anesthesia (lidocaine), he was asked by a trained observer to classify the intensity of his pain as none, mild, moderate, or severe. He then received one of the following treatments: 1. Placebo: lactose, plus acupuncture placebo 2. Codeine: codeine, plus acupuncture placebo 3. Acupuncture (Ho-Ku): lactose, plus 2 Ho-Ku points 4. Codeine-acupuncture: codeine, plus 2 Ho-Ku points. The pain intensity score was recorded by the observer at half-hour intervals for 3 hours. Patients in treatment groups 2, 3 and 4 showed significantly greater pain relief than those in treatment group 1. For the 1st half hour, there was more pain relief with Ho-Ku alone than with codeine plus Ho-Ko (p less than 0.01). However, for the 2, 2 1/2, and 3-hour periods, codeine plus Ho-Ku produced more pain relief than any of the other treatments.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasma heparin activity and antagonism during cardiopulmonary bypass with hypothermia.

Plasma heparin activity in 11 patients undergoing open-heart surgery was measured by comparing thrombin time of patient plasma to thrombin time of plasma containing known heparin concentrations. Although all patients received 300 units/kg of heparin, their initial plasma heparin levels varied significantly, from 1.8 units/ml in lighter petients to 3 units/ml in heavier patients. During hypothermia (25 degrees C), heparin decay was insignificant. At 37 degrees C, heparin decayed at a rate between 0.37 and 2.01 units/ml/hr. This decay was significantly faster in those patients with higher initial posthypothermia plasma heparin levels. When heparin was reversed with a protamine dose based on circulating plasma heparin levels, the mean difference between the predicted and the actual residual heparin activity was 0.025 units/ml. Heparin levels vary widely becuase of the influence of temperature on decay rates and because the space into which heparin is distributed is not simply proportional to weight. Evaluation and reversal of plasma heparin activity require ongoing analysis rather than any 1 dosage protocol.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗