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Biomedical subjects

E L Miller

Publications and source records attributed to E L Miller.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Molecular population genetics of an electrophoretically monomorphic protein in the alcohol dehydrogenase region of Drosophila pseudoobscura.

Nucleotide sequence data from the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) region of 18 isochromosomal strains of Drosophila pseudoobscura were used to determine whether the lack of amino acid polymorphism in ADH results from a low neutral mutation rate or a recent directional selection event. We estimated the neutral mutation parameter, 4Nmu, in synonymous sites for 17 subregions of Adh. The nucleotide diversity data were tested for departures from an equilibrium neutral model with two statistical tests. The Tajima test and the Hudson, Kreitman and Aguade test each failed to reject a neutral model. These results suggest that the ADH enzyme of D. pseudoobscura lacks amino acid polymorphisms because the neutral mutation rate of nonsynonymous sites is low. The neutral mutation parameter for synonymous sites is heterogeneous between domains of the Adh region. These data indicate that selective constrains on synonymous sites can vary between functional domains.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1992

Estimates of gene flow in Drosophila pseudoobscura determined from nucleotide sequence analysis of the alcohol dehydrogenase region.

The genetic structure of Drosophila pseudoobscura populations was inferred from a nucleotide sequence analysis of a 3.4-kb segment of the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) region. A total of 99 isochromosomal strains collected from 13 populations in North and South America were used to determine if any population departed from a neutral model and to estimate levels of gene flow between populations. This study also included the nucleotide sequences from two sibling species, D. persimilis and D. miranda. We estimated the neutral mutation parameter, 4N mu, in synonymous and noncoding sites for 17 subregions of Adh in each of nine populations with sample sizes greater than three. The nucleotide diversity data in the nine populations was tested for departures from an equilibrium neutral model with two statistical tests. The Tajima and the Hudson, Kreitman, Aguade tests showed that each population fails to reject a neutral model. Tests for genetic differentiation between populations fail to show any population substructure among the North American populations of D. pseudoobscura. The nucleotide diversity data is consistent with direct and indirect measures of gene flow that show extensive dispersal between populations of D. pseudoobscura.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1991

Nucleotide sequence analysis of Adh genes estimates the time of geographic isolation of the Bogota population of Drosophila pseudoobscura.

The population of Drosophila pseudoobscura at Bogota, Columbia, is geographically and partially reproductively isolated from populations in the main body of the species in North America. The degree of genetic differentiation and time of divergence between populations at Bogota and Apple Hill, CA, were estimated by comparison of 3388 nucleotides in the alcohol dehydrogenase region (Adh and Adh-Dup genes) of 18 strains. Of the 146 polymorphic nucleotide sites detected, 68 and 31 were unique to the Apple Hill and Bogota samples, respectively, and 53 were shared. On the basis of an observed net divergence per nucleotide site of 0.264% between the two samples, the Bogota and North American populations were estimated to have been separated for at least 155,000 years. This divergence time suggests that D. pseudoobscura extended its range from North America to South America in a period of Pleistocene glaciation, when habitat suitable for the species presumably existed in lowland Central America.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1989

Personal care attendants and severely disabled adults: attributions for relationship outcomes.

Although the personal care attendant (PCA) is identified as the single most important factor in maintaining the independence, health, and well-being of severely disabled adults (SDA), little research about the nature of the interpersonal relationship has been conducted. This study investigated the mutual perceptions of the SDAs and their PCAs of the outcome of their relationship and factors that promoted the outcome. Attribution theory was used to shape the study and guide analysis of the data. The majority of subjects reported mutually successful and satisfying relationships, and most attributed the outcome to their mutual ability, effort, or personal characteristics.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1979

Prediction of the protein requirements of farm ruminants and implications of these predictions for diet formulation.

Methods of determining protein requirements are reviewed and recent proposals of the Agricultural Research Council working party on nutrient requirements of ruminants outlined. Needs of the rumen microorganisms for degradable nitrogen to achieve optimum rumen digestion of feed are predicted. The extent to which milk production and live-weight gain can be sustained by microbial protein alone is estimated. Higher milk yields and rates of growth require dietary protein that escapes degradation in the rumen but is digested in the small intestine. Small changes in degradability of dietary protein are predicted to have a large effect on the dietary crude protein requirement. Although there is still inadequate data for precise prediction, the concepts of the metabolic approach have been valuable in understanding those physiological situations where protein is most likely to be limiting, where use of protected proteins and urea might be most appropriate, in the planning of critical experiments and in the design of new methods of feeding or management of ruminants.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1979

A study of the relationship of the dental midline to the facial median line.

This report presents the results of an original investigation designed to determine (1) the prevalence in the natural dentition of a maxillary midline located in the exact middle of the mouth using the philtrum as the most reliable guide and (2) the percentage of people in whom the maxillary and mandibular midlines precisely coincide with each other. Results indicate that the midline is situated in the exact middle of the mouth in approximately 70% of people and that the maxillary and mandibular midlines fail to coincide in almost three fourths of the population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Cancer education for school personnel.

A large segment of our society associates cancer with doom and despair. This negative view appears to originate partially from the public's general lack of knowledge of the disease and of current treatment potential. In response to this lack of information and overall pessimistic attitude, a cancer education course was developed for school teachers and school nurses. The unique two-day course provides cognitive and affective learning experiences. Through the multiple teaching strategies employed, students are able to examine their own health practices, increase their knowledge of cancer and cancer treatment, interact with a person who is successfully living with cancer, and learn how to share information related to cancer. At the conclusion of the course, a comparison of the participants' pretest and posttest scores indicate a statistical improvement in both their cognitive and affective domains.

Attitude to Health↗