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E L Obukhova

Publications and source records attributed to E L Obukhova.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
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[Brain lipid biochemistry of the sturgeons Acipenseridae].

Brain lipids of 4 species of sturgeons-Acipenser güldenstädti, A. stellatus, A. ruthenus and Huso huso-have been investigated. In whole brain homogenates the content of the basic phospholipid families, their fatty acid composition as well as the content of glycosphingolipids-gangliosides, cerebrosides and sulfatides were studied. The quantitative relations between different molecular ganglioside fractions and their fatty acid composition, as well as the relative content of hydroxycerebrosides and cerebrosides with normal fatty acids were determined. The brain lipids of Acipenseridae were compared to previously obtained data on the brain of Elasmobranch and Teleost fishes. The brain lipid pattern of the four sturgeon species is very similar, but it differs greatly from that of Elasmobranch and of Teleostean brain, being in some respect more like the type of bony fish brain, in others the kind of brain of sharks and rays, and frequently considerably differing from both these types. The conspicous peculiarity in the content and molecular characteristics of the brain lipids of Acipenseridae compels us to agree with the opinion expressed by the late A.N. Belozerski and his coworkers [26, 27], based on a detailed study of fish DNA nucleotides, that the Ganoid fish are to be regarded as an independent class.

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[Concentration and composition of cerebral gangliosides in Down's disease].

Content and composition of gangliosides were studied in brain white and grey substances of patients with mongolism. Content of gangliosides, which are typical components of plasmatic membranes of nervous cells, was decreased in brain grey substance of the patients as compared with control group, whereas content of the lipids was increased in white substance. Differentiation of neurones appears to be inhibited in mongolism. Content of disialoganglioside GDIa exceeded the content of other gangliosides in brain white and grey substances in normal state; content of GMI, GTI, GDIb was also increased. Composition of gangliosides from brain of the patients with not distinctly altered as compared with that of children of control group.

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[Concentration and composition of gangliosides in portions of the vertebrate brain].

Studies have been made on gangliosides from various parts of the brain in 5 species of cartilaginous fishes, 2 species of teleosts, 2 amphibian species, 2 avian species and 3 species of mammals. Almost in all the species investigated, the highest content of gangliosides per weight unit of the brain were found in the forebrain (determinations were carried out by sialic acid, sometimes by sphingosine). Ganglioside content of brain structure in warm-blooded animals is higher that in corresponding structures of fishes and amphibia. Comparative studies on ganglioside composition in the brain of fishes and mammals indicate that brain structures exhibit the same pattern of molecular organization, as the whole brain of the species studied (high polysialoganglioside content in teleosts, predominance of gangliosides with a short carbon chain in cartilaginous fishes, etc.). Besides this fact, peculiarities of composition typical of the brain structures were found as well (more polar composition of gangliosides of the cerebellum and some other ones).

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[Composition of the carbohydrate component and fatty acids of the chief gangliosides of the brains of cartilaginous fish].

Ganglioside composition has been studied in the brain of 5 Elasmobranch fishes (3 sharks: Carcharhinus longimanus, Carcharhinus sp., Squalus acanthias and 2 rays: Dasyatis pastinaca, Raja clavata). For the identification of ganglioside fractions, molar ratio of glucose, galactose, NANA and sphingosine as well as the presence of hexosamine were determined in the main gangliosides from the brain of the shark C. longimanus. The data obtained indicate that the majority of brain gangliosides in Elasmobranchs contain a reduced carbohydrate chain as compared to the main gangliosides from mammalian brain. Thus in C. longimanus and Carcharhinus sp. GD3, disialoganglioside containing only two hexose residues in its molecule, constitutes approximately 30 per cent of ganglioside sialic acid. Considerable amounts of GD2, GM3 and GM2 were found in Elasmobranch brain as well. Investigation of fatty acid composition of gangliosides from the brain of C. longimanus revealed the predominance of stearic acid (C18:0) in all the fractions studied.

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[The fatty acid composition of the gangliosides in different parts of the vertebrate brain].

Comparative studies on gangliosides from the brain of higher (mammals, birds) and lower (amphibians, cartilaginous and teleost fishes) vertebrates indicate that for each of the parts of the brain the same regularities in changes of fatty acid composition are typical as for the total brain in a series of vertebrates. All brain structures of the mammalian brain exhibit higher saturation of ganglioside fatty acids, higher content of stearic acid (C18:0) and lower relative content of long chain (C22-C24) fatty acids, especially that of C24:1, as compared to the corresponding brain structures of lower vertebrates. Fatty acid composition in birds is more close to mammalian one with respect to some of the features, while with respect to the other ones it occupies an intermediate position between lower vertebrates and mammals. In the series more phylogenetically ancient--more recent brain parts (medulla oblongata--midbrain--forebrain), the content of content of stearic acid and the degree of saturation ganglioside fatty acids increase, whereas the relative content of acids with a long chain (C22-C24) in them decreases (with the exception of amphibians). In all the brain structures of higher elasmobranch fishes, fatty acid composition of gangliosides exhibits more progressive features of chemical organization as compared to that in homologous structures of lower elasmobranch fishes.

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