PubMed HealthSearch

Biomedical subjects

E L Spieler

Publications and source records attributed to E L Spieler.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

Preventing toothbrush abrasion and the efficacy of the Alert toothbrush: a review and patient study.

The literature recognizes two etiologies for periodontal attachment loss. On a statistical basis, bacterial periodontal disease causes attachment loss interproximally, while trauma, or self-inflicted periodontal disease, causes attachment loss on the buccal and lingual tooth surfaces. One study shows that the prevalence of attachment loss caused by abrasion is only slightly less than the attachment loss caused by bacterial periodontal disease. While the clinical community focuses on the prevention and treatment of bacterial disease, a large percentage of periodontal attachment loss (caused by abrasion) is not diagnosed and remains untreated. Preventive measures have been unsuccessful. The predominant etiology for buccal and lingual attachment loss is excessive brushing pressure. The Alert Toothbrush is the first brush that allows users to monitor and standardize their brushing pressure to reduce the friction, wear, and trauma to their teeth and gums. This is the report of the initial study of patient reaction to and evaluation of this new manual toothbrush.

Adolescent

The softer touch.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent

Identification and characterization of the major cell envelope proteins of oral strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.

The major cell envelope protein compositions of seven Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains of human origin were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The major envelope polypeptides were homogeneous, in relation to molecular weight, in all of the strains that were examined. The characterization of the five major proteins, designated Env1 through Env5, in the leukotoxic strain Y4 revealed that proteins Env2 to -5 may reside in the outer membrane as suggested by differential detergent extractions and 125I-labeling experiments. The proteins did not demonstrate covalent or ionic interactions with the peptidoglycan; however, one protein, Env2, displayed heat-modifiable properties, having apparent molecular weights of 32,000 and 45,000 when heated in sodium dodecyl sulfate at 50 and 100 degrees C, respectively. The protein composition of the extracellular "bleb" material, normally released by strain Y4, was determined, and proteins Env1 to -4 were the predominant protein species found. A comparison of the cell envelope proteins of strain Y4 with those of other members of the human oral flora, including species within the genera Capnocytophaga, Bacteroides, and Fusobacterium, revealed distinct differences on the basis of molecular size and heat-modifiable properties. However, the membrane proteins of Haemophilus aphrophilus showed a remarkable degree of homology with those of A. actinomycetemcomitans.

Actinobacillus