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Biomedical subjects

E L York

Publications and source records attributed to E L York.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Variation of 222Rn in public drinking water supplies.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has proposed regulating 222Rn in public drinking water. When implemented, the regulation will require periodic sampling to demonstrate compliance. The work reported in this paper was conducted to evaluate how reliably grab samples can be used to characterize the average 222Rn concentration in a groundwater source. Periodic samples were collected from 14 wells over sampling periods ranging from 2 to 26 mo. Samples were collected using a "slow-flow" collection method, and samples were analyzed using liquid scintillation techniques. The results reveal variation in 222Rn concentration over the study period; however, for the 1,468 samples collected from the 14 wells, approximately 97% of the measurement results were within 30% of the mean value for the well.

Geological Phenomena↗
PubMed1992

Adrenocortical function in patients investigated for active tuberculosis.

Previous reports have identified adrenal insufficiency in groups of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. To investigate this possibility, serum cortisol levels were measured in consecutive patients admitted to the hospital for investigation of active tuberculosis. Blood was drawn for cortisol determination promptly at the time of hospital admission, in the morning and afternoon before commencing chemotherapy for the suspected tuberculosis, and before the diagnosis was confirmed. Thirty-seven patients were assessed; 19 of these patients were subsequently proven to have active pulmonary tuberculosis, six had pulmonary disease caused by mycobacteria other than tuberculosis, and 12 had radiologic appearance indicating tuberculosis, accompanied by a significant tuberculin skin reaction but with negative sputum cultures and no change in roentgenographic appearance during the course of treatment. In evaluating the adrenocortical function, the morning and afternoon serum cortisol level was measured and the diurnal change in serum cortisol level (the difference between afternoon and morning levels) was calculated. There was no association of either morning cortisol levels or diurnal change in cortisol levels with age, gender, or race. There was no difference among the three groups in either cortisol determination. Although difference in morning cortisol levels between those with extensive as compared with limited disease was not statistically significant (p = 0.349 from analysis of variance), there was a significantly decreased diurnal change in cortisol levels in those with extensive disease as compared with those with limited disease (+2.7 +/- 188.3 vs -259.1 +/- 177.1). We conclude that patients in our hospital with active pulmonary tuberculosis do not exhibit decreased adrenocortical function as compared with groups of patients without active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1991

The value of submucous needle aspiration in the prediction of surgical resection line of bronchogenic carcinoma.

The fiberoptic bronchoscope was used to perform a series of SMNAs from the tumor site in the bronchial tree toward the carina to decide on an appropriate surgical line of resection in 20 patients. The line of resection was examined histologically for tumor invasion. Of the 20 patients who underwent surgery 16 had lobectomies and four had pneumonectomies. Eighteen patients had no evidence of tumor invasion at the surgical resection site. Of the remaining two, one had a cancer-positive SMNA proximal to the resection line and demonstrated tumor cells in the surgical resection line. The second demonstrated tumor cells in the right lower and upper lobes with sparing of the right bronchus intermedius. This patient underwent lobectomy with subsequent resection of the remaining right upper lobe. On the basis of this experience we conclude that SMNA is effective in predicting the optimal surgical line of resection in lung carcinoma.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1990

A comparison of enprofylline and theophylline in the maintenance therapy of chronic reversible obstructive airway disease.

To compare the efficacy and side effects of two xanthine derivatives in the maintenance therapy of reversible obstructive airway disease, 242 patients were assigned in randomized, double-blind fashion to receive either oral enprofylline or theophylline for 5 weeks in addition to their usual maintenance regimens. After a week of placebo xanthine therapy, enprofylline-treated patients received 150 mg of this drug twice daily (b.i.d.) for 3 days, 300 mg b.i.d. for 2 weeks, and 450 mg b.i.d. for 2 weeks. Theophylline was administered in identical doses, except that the final dosage increase was not made if plasma theophylline was 12 mg/ml or higher. At 300 mg b.i.d., both drugs significantly increased morning peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), the mean increase above baseline being significantly higher for theophylline-treated patients (29.9 +/- 37.2 L/min) than for enprofylline-treated patients (17.4 +/- 36.9 L/min) (p = 0.023). At 450 mg b.i.d., improvement in morning PEFR was not significantly different between theophylline-treated (31.5 +/- 44.4 L/min) and enprofylline-treated groups (23.5 +/- 48.4 L/min). Evening PEFR, FEV1, and asthma symptom scores also improved significantly, demonstrating no significant difference between groups. The incidence of side effects was also similar between groups. We conclude that both enprofylline and theophylline offer useful bronchodilatation in the maintenance therapy of asthma, enprofylline, 450 mg b.i.d., being approximately equivalent to theophylline, 300 or 450 mg b.i.d.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of postoperative bronchopleural fistula.

The diagnosis and closure of small postresection bronchopleural fistulae can be accomplished with selective bronchography and placement of fibrin sealant through the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. This method of diagnosis and closure of the bronchopleural fistula avoids both general anesthesia and a thoracotomy. This technique is successful in small bronchopleural fistulae and patients with multiple postresection bronchial stumps.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cyclosporine and chronic sarcoidosis.

Two patients with progressive sarcoidosis who had poor responses and side effects from corticosteroid therapy were treated with cyclosporine. Cyclosporine suppressed conventional markers of inflammation and there was clinical improvement in one patient, but the disease recurred when therapy was discontinued. The second patient who had diabetes mellitus developed unstable glucose metabolism when given cyclosporine. This unstable diabetes mellitus together with side effects of nausea and vomiting resulted in weight loss and inadequate serum therapeutic levels that was associated with a poor therapeutic response to the cyclosporine. The major side effects in both patients were headache and gastrointestinal symptoms, but there was no renal dysfunction. We conclude that while corticosteroids remain the mainstay of sarcoid therapy, when these drugs have not been successful for the skin manifestations of the disease, a trial of cyclosporine may be justified.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Endobronchial tuberculosis presenting as asthma.

Clinical deterioration with features suggestive of asthma was seen in three patients following two to six months of drug therapy of primary tuberculosis. There was a poor clinical response to administered bronchodilators. Bronchoscopy in all three revealed culture-negative mycobacterial caseating granulomas. Corticosteroid therapy resulted in good clinical response, with resolution of the asthmatic symptoms and improvement in the expiratory flow rates. In our opinion these patients are clinically compatible with a hypersensitivity response to mycobacteria following antituberculosis therapy and release of tuberculosis antigens. Corticosteroid therapy is appropriate in this form of tuberculous disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Upper airway obstruction in Guillain-Barré syndrome.

We report a patient with bilateral vocal cord paralysis and upper airway obstruction following Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). A permanent tracheostomy was necessary to maintain adequate ventilation and to prevent alveolar hypoventilation. Despite abduction paralysis, the patient talks normally.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1981

Effects of smoking on regional residual volume in young adults.

Tests of overall lung function often reveal abnormalities in elderly smokers, but lung function is less consistently deranged in young smokers. Since airway closure at higher than normal lung volumes is thought to be an early indicator of lung dysfunction in asymptomatic smokers, we used 133xenon to measure regional residual volume, which is affected by airway patency, with the expectation that any abnormalities present in young smokers may be more apparent if searched for on a regional basis. We found no significant difference in overall lung function between 11 nonsmokers and 20 smokers (mean age=23.8 years), but residual volume was significantly higher in the lower-lung regions of the smokers. The results indicate that even in young persons the lungs are functionally disturbed by smoking, and the pattern of abnormality is similar to that seen in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effects of secondary polycythemia on cerebral blood flow in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Cerebral blood flow was measured before and after venesection in 6 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and secondary polycythemia. The hematocrit was decreased from a mean of 59.6 to 43.9%, and whole blood viscosity was decreased by 35%. The supratentorial blood flow increased 78.2% (p < 0.005) after venesection; subtentorial flow also increased, but not significantly. The improvement in cerebral blood flow appeared to be related to a decrease in blood viscosity, because pulmonary function and arterial blood gases did not change significantly. There was subjective improvement in all patients, and this improvement might have been due to the increased supratentorial blood flow.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Alpha-chain disease in a non-Mediterranean climate. A case report.

The clinical, biochemical, immunological and histopathological features in a patient with alpha-chain disease are described. The patient, a 20-year-old Coloured man, presented with severe steatorrhoea, malabsorption, abdominal pain and progressive general deterioration. An heterogeneous abnormal band with IgA immunochemical specificity was detected on electrophoresis of the patient's serum and urine. This protein was identified as free alpha-chain and was present in serum, urine, saliva and jejunal juice. A jejunal mucosal biopsy specimen showed distinctive appearances associated with alpha-chain disease. Bone marrow involvement was found and abnormal lymphoid cells were seen in the circulation together with an increased B lymphocyte population derived from bone marrow. This is the third South African patient with alpha-chain disease to be diagnosed. The patient has shown a partial remission after 12 months' chemotherapy. There was rapid symptomatic response and normalisation of protein parameters which were not paralleled by an objectively discernible response as assessed by haematological examination, intestinal absorption studies and histology of the jejunal mucosa.

Adult↗