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Biomedical subjects

E Löhle

Publications and source records attributed to E Löhle.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Portacaval shunt as an experimental model of impaired hepatic release of vitamin A in liver disease.

Vitamin A concentrations in serum and liver were studied in rats with a portacaval shunt for 48 days after shunt surgery. In addition, serum and tissue concentrations of zinc were analyzed. Following portacaval shunting serum vitamin A concentration decreased to 25% of the level in sham-operated controls, whereas serum zinc concentration decreased to 80%. The mean urinary excretion rate of zinc increased in shunted rats [18.7 +/- 2.1 micrograms/day (0.28 +/- 0.03 mumol/day)] compared with controls [13.8 +/- 1.7 micrograms/day (0.21 +/- 0.03 mumol/day)] (P less than 0.01). The concentration of retinol and total retinoids in liver tissue increased 2-3-fold in rats with a portacaval shunt, and the ratio of retinol to retinoids was slightly increased. The differences were reduced when the total organ content was calculated, because of the reduced liver weight in the shunted rats. The concentration of zinc in liver tissue decreased in rats with portacaval shunts [30.8 +/- 4.9 micrograms/g wet wt (0.47 +/- 0.07 mumol/g) vs. 35.6 +/- 3.7 micrograms/g wet wt (0.54 +/- 0.06 mumol/g) in controls; P less than 0.01]. The concentration of zinc was inversely correlated with retinol (r = -0.52, P less than 0.05) and total retinoid levels (r = -0.70, P less than 0.05) in rats with portacaval shunts but not in controls. The data are consistent with the hypothesis of an impaired release of vitamin A from the liver in rats with portacaval shunts, an impairment that could be due to liver zinc deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The influence of portocaval shunting on inner ear structures.

In rats with a portocaval shunt the cells of the inner ear were examined in an ultrastructural study. In 15 rats a porto-caval shunt (PCS) was constructed. Control rats underwent identical procedures but no anastomosis was produced (SOP). The control rats were pair-feeded. PCS rats developed an increased urinary zinc excretion associated with weight loss, alopecia, lethargy and atrophy of the testes. The serum zinc concentration in PCS rats was significantly reduced. In the inner ear we found ultrastructurally an increasing number of lysosomes and a severe damage of the myelin sheath of the granular ganglion cells. The myelin sheath was split and filled with great myelin figures. In the outer hair cells resulted in an increasing number of lysosomes. In the stria vascularis and in Reissner's membrane a vacuolization of the tissue appeared. The results of this study show that rats with a porto-caval anastomosis serve as a pathophysiological model of zinc impoverishment like porto-caval shunting in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical use of click evoked oto-acoustic emissions at the Freiburg ENT clinic].

Click-evoked otoacoustic emissions appear to be an efficient way to assess cochlear function in infants and neonates. A new technique developed by Bray and Kemp (1987) enables data to be gathered under clinical conditions. A total of 310 children aged between one day and five years were examined in a realistic clinical situation: 204 of them were admitted to the authors' outpatient department for evaluation of a hearing impairment and 106 were special-care babies or normal newborns. Otoacoustic emissions were successfully tested in 244 of these 310 children at the first attempt after performing behavioural tests. A classification of the emissions by the coefficient of the cross-correlation function and the frequency response spectrum was used. Emissions were observed in 95% (n = 181 ears) of the three- to five-year-old children with a mean behavioural threshold better than 20 dB. In 82% (40/49) of the special-care babies and in 89% (51/57) of the normal newborns a successful emission recording was be obtained. Such findings suggest that this technique for detecting emissions may be useful in early diagnosis of hearing impairments, especially when combined with simple behavioural tests.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1989

[Functional and morphologic findings following chronic vitamin A deficiency in young rats].

Pregnant rats were fed a vitamin A-depleted diet. After weaning, 40 litters (10 controls, 30 experimental) were divided into eight groups, four female and four male. All groups were given the same diet. The control groups (male and female) received 100 IU vitamin A/day, the deficient groups only a maintenance dose of 1-2 IU vitamin A/day. One female and one male group were repleted with vitamin A after the 27th day of life and two further groups of both sexes were repleted after the 49th day of life. After the 23th day of life all litters were trained for the Rail Test and after the 27th day the time on the rotating bar was recorded. After the 15th week all the animals were anesthetized and decapitated and the cochleas prepared for histologic and electronmicroscopic examinations. The vitamin A-deficient animals displayed delayed development of the visual, auditory, vestibular and motor systems in both sexes. Early repletion with vitamin A after the 27th day of life normalized the motor and vestibular systems to normal in the experimental animals. Late repletion with vitamin A, after the 49th day, does not normalize function in the Rail Test. In histologic studies some of the experimental animals showed dysplasia of the bony and membranous labyrinths. Others had signs of degeneration of the organ of Corti and the spiral ganglion of the cochlea. In the electron-microscopic studies an accumulation of lysosomes in the sensory cells and supporting cells, and dystrophic neuronal fibers and ganglion cells were found in the spiral ganglions of the vitamin A-deficient groups and to a lesser extend also in the groups with late repletion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Bioavailability of zinc from zinc-histidine complexes. I. Comparison with zinc sulfate in healthy men.

Zinc supplementation is beneficial in some clinical conditions. Histidine has been shown to improve zinc absorption in animals. To test its influence on zinc absorption in humans, we studied the bioavailability of zinc from zinc-histidine complexes as compared to zinc sulfate in 10 healthy volunteers. Ingestion of zinc complexed with histidine at a ratio of 1:2 or 1:12 increased serum-zinc concentration 25% more than ingestion of zinc sulfate. Calculated uptake was 30-40% increased with zinc histidine over zinc sulfate. Urinary excretion was not different with any preparation. Application of 15 mg zinc as zinc histidine 1:2 gave an identical serum-zinc response as 45 mg zinc taken as zinc sulfate. Zinc histidine complexes are better absorbed than zinc sulfate in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Bioavailability of zinc from zinc-histidine complexes. II. Studies on patients with liver cirrhosis and the influence of the time of application.

Supplementation may benefit patients with liver cirrhosis. Zinc uptake from zinc-histidine complex 1:2 was assessed in eight patients with liver cirrhosis. Influence of the time of application was also studied. Compared with healthy controls, patients showed a 40% lower uptake of zinc after 20 mg zinc from zinc histidine. Bioavailability was identical when zinc was taken 6 h or 1 h before a meal but an order of magnitude greater than with or 1 h after a meal. No significant increase of serum zinc was found when zinc was given with a meal or 1 h after. Lower doses of zinc-histidine complexes than of zinc sulfate may be used to supplement patients with liver cirrhosis. Time of application is of great importance if this substitution is to be successful.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Calcium antagonists and damage to the organ of Corti in acoustic trauma].

The protective effect of Ca2+ antagonists in acoustic trauma was evaluated by morphometric analysis of the guinea pig cochlea. Damage to the outer and inner hair cells was significantly reduced. Ca2+ antagonists may exert a beneficial influence on the cellular membrane of the sensory cell or on the cochlear vasculature if given in advance and in the early post-traumatic phase.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Ultrastructural changes in the organ of Corti and in the ganglion spiral cochleae after vitamin A deficiency.

Guinea pigs were fed a vitamin A free diet and the cochleae of these animals were studied with the light and electron microscope. No changes could be found after ten weeks of vitamin A deficiency, but after 19 weeks the experimental animals showed a slight hypertrophy of the otic capsule, an accumulation of lysosomes in the sensory cells and a disruption and disintegration of the Hensen body. In the ganglion spiral cochleae ganglion cells appeared, filled with different myelin figures or honeycomb-like inclusions. Furthermore, the myelin sheath was split and sometimes filled with circular lamellar complexes and glycogen. These morphological findings together with the evidence of high concentrations of vitamin A in the organ of Corti support the hypothesis that vitamin A may be important for the function of the n. acusticus.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Zinc and vitamin A deficiency in gastrointestinal diseases].

It has been established rather surely that patients with chronic liver disease, Crohn's disease, chronic pancreatis and celiac disease are deficient in zinc and vitamin A. A large number of clinical symptoms can be caused by these deficiencies, due to the fact that these compounds have numerous functions. Zinc deficiency in liver cirrhosis is probably caused by portosystemic shunting, whereas in Crohn's disease abnormalities of protein metabolism are suggested as etiologic factor. Vitamin A deficiency can be considered as a consequence of disturbed zinc metabolism. Some studies in appropriate patients receiving substitution therapy with zinc and/or vitamin A had positive results. However, the necessity of substitution in the diseases mentioned has not yet been conclusively demonstrated.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1983

The influence of portosystemic shunting on zinc and vitamin A metabolism in liver cirrhosis.

To elucidate the possible role of portosystemic shunting on zinc and vitamin A deficiency which has been described in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, a study on 37 hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis was performed. Patients with surgical portosystemic shunt were found to have a significantly lower levels of zinc, vitamin A and retinol-binding protein (RBP) than controls and patients with cirrhosis without shunt. Patients with portal hypertension--considered to have spontaneous shunting--also has lower levels than those without this symptom. A significant correlation between zinc and vitamin A and RBP levels, respectively, was found. Also an increased renal zinc output was demonstrated. An influence of portosystemic shunting on zinc deficiency and subsequent vitamin A deficiency by decreased RBP release is concluded. The importance of these metabolic disorders for clinical symptoms is discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1982

The influence of chronic vitamin A deficiency on human and animal ears.

After feeding young rats a diet deficient in vitamin A, we examined the inner ear with the electron microscope. There were changes in the cuticle of the outer and inner hair cells. Furthermore, there were changes in the reticular system of the intermediate zone and massive degenerative changes in the ganglion cells of the VIII nerve. In a second experiment with older animals we found no significant changes in the sensory cells, though there was new bone formation in Rosenthal's canal and damage to the ganglion cells, of a lesser extent than was evident in the first experiment, however. In a further clinical study, we carefully chose human subjects suffering from alcoholic liver disease who also had a negative history of ear infection, noise exposure, head injury and use of streptomycin. Normal auditory function in the family was also a criterion. A decreased auditory function associated with low vitamin A levels was found in these patients. Those with liver disease showed not only a significant auditory dysfunction in the higher frequencies, but as well a poorer performance in the tone decay test. They were compared to a control group with normal hepatic, renal and thyroid status.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Controlled respiration with a new "jet-ventilator" in the microsurgery of the larynx. An experimental study on dogs (author's transl)].

To combine the open jet-ventilation system with the security of the closed respiration we developed a new "jet-ventilator". Using a modification of the Carden-tube when we closed the upper part of the intratracheal tube, we had to remove the air by suction during the expiration time. With a pressure-analizer and transducer we could prevent negative and high pressure in the trachea. In experimental studies on six dogs we saw good blood gas analyzers as well as good circulatory parameters. With this method we were able to observe ventilation between eight and nine hours.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Vitamin A concentration in plasma and ability to hear in patients with chronic alcoholic liver diseases].

59 patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease and with negative history of ear infection, noise exposure, head injury, use of streptomycin and without hereditary deafness underwent a basic audiologic examination. In all age groups we found a depression of the pure tone threshold on from 2,000 Hz and compared to a control group and to the norm curves (Spoor 1966). Following the Carhart-test and the acoustic facial reflex there were always signs of cochlear lesions. Fifty per cent of the alcoholics in the Carhart tone decay test showed a depression of the threshold between 10 and 30 dB. The concentration of vitamin A, RBP, beta-Carotin and zinc in the blood measured at the same time were diminished. Considering recent electron microscopic findings on the pattern of the inner ear of young rats following vitamin A deficit we suppose that the vitamin A deficit in the alcoholics leads to poor hearing.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Laryngoscopy of laryngeal damage in long-term intubated intensive care patients].

67 long intubated, critically ill patients were examined by direct laryngoscopy between the 3rd and 14th day of intubation. It was found that even after 5 days most of the patients investigated had severe laryngeal damage. Damage occurs preferentially on the vocal cord (laryngeal granuloma), on the arytenoid vocal process and on the cricoidal plates (ulcerations). It is concluded that laryngoscopy should be performed after 5 days of intubation at the latest to determine the extent of laryngeal damage. If necessary, secondary tracheotomy should be considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The influence of a chronic vitamin A deficiency on the acoustic sensory cells and the ganglion spirale cochleae of the rat. An electron microscope study.

Microscope studies of the inner ear in rats with chronic vitamin A deficiency have rendered contradicting results. In our electron microscope study of the sensory cells of the inner ear in young rats with vitamin A deficiency we found that the cuticle is missing in outer hair cells. In the inner hair cells the cuticle is subtotally lacking. Furthermore, we found changes in the reticular system of the intermediate zone and massive degenerative changes in the afferent nerve system including the ganglion cells of the ganglion spirale cochleae. These morphological changes together with the recent findings of high concentrations of vitamin A in Corti's organ support the hypothesis that the acoustic sensory receptors contain of functionally depend upon vitamin A.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Effect of a 6-week vitamin A-deficient diet on the sensory cells of the inner ear. Light and electron microscopic studies].

Histologic studies of the inner ear in rats with chronic vitamin A deficiency have produced contradicting results. In our own electronmicroscope investigations of the inner ear of young rats after a six week vitamin A deficit diet we found a lacking of the cuticle in the outer hair cells and a subtotally lacking of the cuticle in the inner hair cells. Furthermore, we found changes in the reticular system of the intermediate zone. These morphologic changes together with the recent findings of high concentrations of vitamin A in the corti organ support the hypothesis that the acoustic sensory receptors contain or functionally depend upon vitamin A.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Hereditary angioneurotic edema (author's transl)].

Hereditary angioneurotic edema is a rare autosomally-inherited disease, which is caused by a deficiency or functional inactivation of C-1 inactivator in the complement system. The poor prognosis of the disease mandates that an early diagnosis be made and drug therapy begun to prevent a lethal outcome. The pathogenesis, clinical course and therapies available are detailed.

Angioedema↗