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Biomedical subjects

E Lidén

Publications and source records attributed to E Lidén.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

The Scandinavian Odor-Identification Test: development, reliability, validity and normative data.

The Scandinavian Odor-Identification Test (SOIT) was developed to address the need for a culturally valid odor-identification test for clinical use on the Scandinavian population that (i) has good ability to generalize performance to olfactory status, (ii) assesses olfactory and trigeminal function separately, (iii) requires only limited cognitive demands, (iv) has normative data and good sensitivity and specificity, and (v) is fast, easy to administer and inexpensive. Sixteen odorous test stimuli were selected that were relatively identifiable, familiar, strong in intensity and pleasant according to healthy participants. Four response alternatives were then selected for each test stimulus based on a confusion matrix of identification rates obtained from healthy participants, in a manner that controlled for task difficulty. Results on the SOIT from healthy persons and hyposmic patients showed satisfactory test-retest reliability, split-half reliability and validity. Cut-off scores for olfactory diagnosis (normosmia, hyposmia, anosmia) based on normative data obtained from 171 healthy persons showed a satisfactory sensitivity and specificity of the SOIT. Assessment of 22 anosmic patients with the SOIT revealed that three of the test stimuli were significant trigeminal stimulants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Depolarization of the neuronal membrane caused by cotransport of taurine and sodium.

C 1300 neuroblastoma cells were cultured and used to study the effect of sodium dependent taurine transport on the membrane potential. Measuring net accumulation of taurine and the depolarization caused by externally applied taurine, we found both processes become active at an external concentration of taurine of 1 mM or more. Net accumulation had Km of 13 mM and a Vmax of 126 nmol x mg of protein-1 x min-1. The taurine induced depolarization of the neuroblastoma cell was parallelled by a 25 per cent decrease in its membrane impedance. The transport of taurine, the depolarization caused by taurine and the effect of taurine on the membrane impedance, all, had a similar dependence on the external sodium concentration. Our results on the depolarizing cotransport between taurine and sodium at the neuronal membrane, may illustrate an additional mechanism for the control of the electrical activity of neuronal cells.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1988

Terminal behaviour of deforming bullets.

Some types of deforming bullets, including soft-point hunting ammunition and so-called shotgun slugs, were fired against blocks of soft soap and against the muscular parts of the hind legs of live, anesthetised pigs. The deformation, breakup, and retardation of the bullets within the targets were recorded by means of a multi-flash X-ray setup. The extent of the soft-tissue damage was evaluated by means of debridement performed by a highly skilled surgeon. The excised tissue was then accurately weighed. The potential to transfer energy of these bullets was, as could be anticipated, extremely high, and the injuries caused were very large. The relations between bullet velocity, construction, deformation, breakup, and the resulting injuries are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Wound ballistics of Swedish 5.56-mm assault rifle AK 5.

The recently adopted Swedish standard 5.56-mm assault rifle Ak 5, with ammunition 5.56-mm sk ptr 5 stkprj, closely similar to the Belgian weapon FNC, with corresponding ammunition SS 109, was fired against blocks of soft soap and against the muscular parts of the hind legs of live, anesthetised pigs. The behaviour and retardation of the bullets within the targets were recorded by means of a stereo, multiflash X-ray setup. The extent of the soft-tissue damage was evaluated in sections by means of debridement performed by a highly skilled surgeon. The excised tissue was then accurately weighed. The energy transfer characteristics and the wounding potential of the weapon are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Some observations relating to behind-body armour blunt trauma effects caused by ballistic impact.

Live, anesthetised pigs were used to assess behind-armour blunt trauma effects. The thoraco-abdominal body region was covered with varying thicknesses of Kevlar fabric packets. This soft body armour was applied, either in direct contact with the thoracic wall of the animals, or with different plastic foam sheets, so-called trauma packs, between the armour and the skin. The live animals were surgically evaluated, and then sacrificed. Blocks of soft soap were subjected to equal tests and the behind-armour indentations were measured. The results indicate that serious injury to the body armour-protected chest may be caused by the impact of nonpenetrating bullets and shotgun pellets. Severe pulmonary contusions and lacerations were found when the energy transferred through the body armour was estimated to be high.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1987

Is the concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the nerve terminal regulated via product inhibition of glutamic acid decarboxylase?

Fractions of synaptosomes were used to study the regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis. The isolated synaptosomes were superfused in media of various compositions. [3H]GABA and GABA released into the medium or remaining in the synaptosomes were analyzed by liquid scintillation and HPLC techniques. Different conditions, designed to increase the GABA efflux rate were used: the rate of superfusion was varied and the concentrations of K+ and Ca2+ were altered. Stimulation of GABA efflux was paralleled with an increased synthesis of GABA, since, in spite of the increased GABA efflux, a relatively constant intraterminal level was found. The findings suggest that the intraterminal concentration of GABA and thus also its synthesis is regulated via product inhibition. In addition, [3H]GABA, exogenous, and GABA, endogenous, responded to external stimulae (Ca2+, veretradine, various GABA concentrations and the glutaminase inhibitor diazo-nor-leucine) in a way which was compatible with them being localized in and/or released from different compartments.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Some observations made by intracellular recordings in a primary astrocyte culture and a glioblastoma '138 MG'.

Intracellular recordings were performed in a primary astrocyte culture from rat brain and in a human glioblastoma cell line, 138 MG. The technique proved insufficient to verify the heterogeneous composition of the primary astrocyte culture, since this study shows most cells present in the culture to have similar resting membrane potential, membrane impedance, membrane potential/impedance relationship and K+-sensitivity. With the exception of macrophages, identified by their response to externally applied yeast particles, the results do not allow the identification of different cells that are known to be present. The membrane potential of the primary astrocyte was -68 +/- 14 mV, and the membrane potential of the 138 MG cells -37 +/- 15 mV. The membrane potential of cells in the primary culture have a K+-sensitivity resembling that of astrocytes in situ, whereas the K+-sensitivity of 138 MG more resemble that of a dedifferentiated cell. A reduction of 0.95 mm Ca2+ to o mM depolarizes the astrocyte with 9.6 mV and hyperpolarizes the glioma cell 2.6 mV.

Animals↗