PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Lien

Publications and source records attributed to E Lien.

65 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Sustained release disopyramide compared to plain capsules after change-over from intravenous infusion.

The plasma concentration profile of disopyramide was examined in 13 patients with arrhythmias following acute myocardial infarction. Intravenous loading doses of 1.5 mg/kg followed by 0.7 mg/kg and then infusion of 0.3 mg kg-1h-1 resulted in final concentrations between 2.4 and 4.9 mg l. Change-over to oral therapy with disopyramide sustained release (SR) tablets was smooth, and therapeutic plasma concentrations were maintained throughout. Comparison of the plasma concentrations in a subsequent cross-over study with disopyramide plain capsules 150 mg every 6 h and SR tablets 250 mg every 12 h, each being administered for 3 days to attain a steady state, showed that the bioavailability and the variation of the plasma concentration were similar with both regimens. In patients with body weight between 62 and 92 kg disopyramide SR tablets 250 mg every 12 h matched the preceding infusion rate of 0.3 mg kg-1h-1 resulting in plasma concentrations close to steady state already on the first day of oral therapy. The absorption of disopyramide SR tablets is only moderately delayed, and the preparation can be used twice daily in direct succession of intravenous infusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Systolic time intervals in the evaluation of thyroid dysfunction.

Systolic time intervals, the pre-ejection period (PEP), left ventricular ejection time (LVET) and PEP/LVET ratio were studied in ten thyrotoxic and ten hypothyroid patients. LVET and PEP intervals were corrected for heart rate (LVETc and PEPc). The measurements were repeated after 1-28 months when the patients were euthyroid following appropriate therapy. Compared with the euthyroid values, the PEPc intervals and PEP/LVET ratios were significantly decreased (p less than 0.01) in the thyrotoxic and increased (p less than 0.001) in the hypothyroid patients. In both groups the LVETc intervals were significantly prolonged (p less than 0.001). In four of the hypothyroid patients the PEP/LVET ratios were markedly increased (above 0.60, mean 0.66), and above 0.41 in the euthyroid state (reference value 0.35 +/- 0.05). In the other hypothyroid patients and in thyrotoxic patients the euthyroid PEP/LVET ratios were within the reference values. The systolic time intervals were not influenced by propranolol therapy in the thyrotoxic patients. Our results suggest increased myocardial contractility unaffected by adrenergic blockade in thyrotoxicosis, and reduced contractility in hypothyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Luteinising hormone-releasing and anti-fertility properties of a glucagon-selective somatostatin analogue.

The hypothalamic tetradecapeptide, somatostatin (SRIF), inhibits the secretion of growth hormone (GH) and numerous other hormones, including insulin and glucagon. Attempts to use SRIF as an adjunct in the treatment of diabetes mellitus met with limited success due to its short biological half-life and the undesirable diabetogenic activity of its insulin-lowering properties. Efforts at synthesis have yielded SRIF derivatives with prolonged GH-lowering activity which did not suppress glucagon or had equivalent insulin-inhibiting activity as well as several short-acting compounds with the appropriate glucagon specificity. A dodecapeptide analogue [des-Ala, Gly] His-D-Trp-SRIF (Wy-41, 747) has been identified that combines selective inhibition of GH and glucagon release with prolonged activity. However, in routine pharmacological tests chronic treatment of mature rats with Wy-41, 747 produced anti-reproductive effects resembling those described for luteinising hormone (LH)-releasing hormone (RH) and its agonists. We report here that Wy-41, 747, unlike SRIF and other of its analogues tested, releases LH, induces ovulation and inhibits pregnancy when administered before or after implantation; these properties are traditionally associated with the separate LH-releasing class of peptides.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Tinidazole and doxycycline as antimicrobials in elective colorectal surgery. A randomized multicentre trial.

A prospective randomized study on the effect of doxycycline alone, tinidazole alone and the two antimicrobials in two different combinations as prophylactic antimicrobials on elective colorectal surgery is presented (Table II). The number of patients included in the study was 265. Of the four different treatment groups, the one which consisted of a single preoperative dose of tinidazole 2 g and doxycycline 200 mg, seemed to give the most favourable result. In this treatment group (n = 70), wound sepsis was recorded in 7.2% and perineal sepsis in 34.8% of the cases. Only one serious, but non-fatal intra-abdominal complication (1.4%) was observed in this group. The trial did not include a placebo group.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Effect of a long acting glucagon selective somatostatin analogue on plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon levels in the anaesthetized rat during arginine infusion.

The effects of somatostatin and a long acting, glucagon selective somatostatin analog (des-Ala1Gly2[His4,5-D-TrP8]-somatostatin) used studied during arginine tolerance tests in normal anaesthetized rats. Arginine infusion in control animals resulted in a rapid increase in plasma insulin and glucagon, and an increase of 15 +/- 5 mg/dl in plasma glucose. Somatostatin infusion (1 mg/kg/h) resulted in suppression of basal insulin secretion and a decrease in arginine-induced insulin and glucagon release. Glucose levels increased rapidly during the combined arginine-somatostatin infusion reaching a peak of 72 +/- 10 mg/dl above basal levels. Similar results were obtained when somatostatin was injected SC (1 mg/kg) at times 0, 15, 30, and 45 minutes (arginine infused from 30-60 minutes). A single injection (1 mg/kg) of the long-acting somatostatin analogue resulted in significant inhibition of basal insulin and glucagon release; during arginine infusion glucagon levels rose only slightly, the insulin response was, however, nearly normal, and only a small arginine-induced increase in glucose levels was observed. Carbohydrate absorption was not influenced by either somatostatin or the analogue.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Synthesis and anticancer activity of novel cyclic N-hydroxyureas.

To overcome the disadvantages of hydroxyurea in anticancer therapy such as fast biotransformation and low potency, five cyclic N-hydroxyureas were synthesized. A new reaction was developed to prepare the desired products from the appropriate alkyl omega-haloalkylcarbamates with hydroxylamine. This reaction probably involves a two-step mechanism: nucleophilic substitution and intramolecular cyclization. The anticancer screening tests of these compounds were done both in vitro using tissue culture and in vivo. One compound, 1-hydroxy-1,3-diazacylohexan-2-one, had anticancer activity comparable to hydroxyurea both in vivo and in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacokinetics and serum concentration--effect relationship of intravenous deslanoside.

The antibodies of two commercially available digoxin-radioimmunoassay kits showed complete equimolar cross-reactivity with deslanoside and were used to determine serum levels of the latter glycoside. The serum concentrations of deslanoside were measured after a single intravenous dose of 1.2 mg in four patients recuperating after acute myocardial infarction. A phase of log-linear elimination (pseudoequilibrium) was reached after 4--8 h, and the biological half-life was 38-77 h (median 51 h). In a second study, the serum concentration was determined daily in 15 patients given multiple intravenous doses of the drug for atrial fibrillation and/or congestive heart failure. Symptoms or signs of digitalis toxicity occurred in six patients given a loading dose of deslanoside followed by daily maintenance doses of 0.4--0.6 mg. One of the patients tolerated a steady-state serum concentration of 3.9 micrograms/L (4.1 nmol/L) without toxicity symptoms. The findings in the remaining 14 patients suggest that the upper limit of the "therapeutic" concentration range is approximately 2.5 micrograms/L (2.7 nmol/L). A significant positive correlation (p less than 0.001) was found between the serum concentration of the drug and serum creatinine. Reduction of the maintenance dose of deslanoside is recommended in patients with impaired renal function.

Adult↗