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Biomedical subjects

E Lima

Publications and source records attributed to E Lima.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Metal corrosion in bones implanted with Zinalco--a SAXS and NMR study.

The composition and morphology of bones implanted with stainless steel (316L-SS) and a metal alloy made of zinc, aluminum, and copper (Zinalco) are compared. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results show that with time Zinalco is corroded and zinc, aluminum, and copper diffuse into the osseous tissue, promoting nonhomogeneous bone. Instead, 316L-SS does not incorporate into bone, and the bone recovers homogeneously at a lower speed.

Aluminum↗
PubMed2004

[The hidden face of AIDS in Brazil].

The authors report on the evolution of the AIDS epidemic in Brazil from the point of view of the construction of social representations about "risk groups" involved in the spread of the disease. They emphasize the need to demystify the immediate correlation between AIDS and homosexual transmission. They highlight the role of intravenous drug users and of heterosexual transmission in new AIDS cases in Brazil - groups and behaviours that are not included in the priorities of local health authorities.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2002

What constitutes best medical therapy for peripheral arterial disease?

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with a high morbidity and mortality, largely from coronary and cerebrovascular disease, which often overshadows the PAD itself. Best Medical Therapy (BMT), comprising smoking cessation, antiplatelet agent use, cholesterol reduction, exercise therapy, and the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension and diabetes mellitus; is evidenced based and can result in significant reductions in cardiovascular risk, as well as some improvement in PAD. Previous data have largely been restricted to patients with coronary artery disease, and their relevance to PAD has been extrapolated. However, data are now starting to become available, such as the Heart Protection Study, with data specific to PAD patients. This article reviews the data regarding the use of BMT in patients with PAD, and based on this, makes recommendations for the use of BMT in this group of patients.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed2002

Second best medical therapy.

BACKGROUND: Best medical therapy (BMT) provides patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) substantial protection against future vascular events. OBJECTIVE: To determine the quality of BMT received by PAD patients in this vascular surgery unit. METHODS: Retrospective case-note review of 50 consecutive patients in each of the following groups: intermittent claudication (out-patients), symptomatic carotid artery disease (out-patients), lower limb angioplasty, lower limb bypass surgery, carotid endarterectomy. RESULTS: Overall BMT use was poor. Fifteen percent of smokers had assistance with smoking cessation noted. Seventy-eight percent of patients were taking an antiplatelet agent, 38% cholesterol-lowering medication and 51% antihypertensive medication. Fifty-three percent of patients had a cholesterol measurement, 50% of out-patients had a blood pressure measurement and 53% of non-diabetics had a random blood glucose performed. Sixteen of the patients with lower limb disease were given advice about exercise. Patients with a history of coronary artery disease were more likely to be taking cholesterol lowering, or antihypertensive medication. CONCLUSIONS: BMT is poorly used in patients with PAD, which will result in an excess of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Strategies need to be developed to increase the use of BMT in our patients.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed2000

[Pyelocalicial diverticula].

OBJECTIVE: To review the embryological and clinical aspects of the different types of pyelocaliceal diverticula, with special reference to the differential diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Images of type I and II pyelocaliceal diverticula are shown. The conditions that cause difficulty in making the differential diagnosis are discussed. RESULTS: Urography continues to be the diagnostic method preferred and is sometimes aided by retrograde ureteropyelography. CONCLUSIONS: Pyelocaliceal diverticula are cystic eventrations of the upper urinary tract lying within the renal parenchyma that communicate through a narrow channel into the main collecting system. They occur in 0.2 to 0.5% of the population and are congenital in origin. Calyceal diverticula are frequently found incidentally on routine excretory urograms, but patients may complain of flank pain, hematuria or recurrent urinary infections. In the past, treatment required open renal surgery. Endourologic procedures are widely utilized today.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1984

Congenital goitrous hypothyroidism: discordant systolic time intervals, pituitary and peripheral responses to high daily doses of T4 or T3 therapy.

Left ventricular performance was studied by a noninvasive technique through the measurement of the systolic time intervals (total eletromechanical systole, left ventricular ejection (LVET) time, preejection period (PEP) and PEP/LVET ratio (Systolic Quotient) in 8 young adults with congenital goitrous hypothyroidism. All subjects showed lengthening of PEP, shortening of LVET and an increased PEP/LVET ratio associated with low serum T3 and T4, an exaggerated TSH response to TRH, high levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and carotene. They were treated with increasing L-T4 at monthly intervals (100, 200 and 400 micrograms daily), followed by L-T3 (50 and 200 micrograms daily) after stopping medication for another month. Systolic time intervals and the systolic quotient promptly reversed to the normal range with physiologic L-T4 (100 micrograms) or L-T3 (50 micrograms) replacement, but the TSH peak response to TRH was still present and exaggerated. Further reductions of the systolic quotient occurred with 200 micrograms L-T4, but not with supraphysiological doses (400 micrograms L-T4 or 200 micrograms L-T3) of thyroid hormones. The highest dose of L-T3 (200 micrograms/day) induced a significantly lower mean systolic quotient than 400 micrograms L-T4 daily, while 5 patients still had a significant TSH response to TRH. This was interpreted as discordant pituitary and cardiac response to L-T3 and L-T4 therapy. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides were considered as very sensitive index of thyroid hormone peripheral action. These had a significant positive correlation with changes in the left ventricular performance. Serum carotene, although decreasing significantly with L-T4 or L-T3 treatment, had no significant correlation with the systolic quotient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of drug injection in the spread of HIV in Argentina and Brazil.

Drug injectors' have become the second largest HIV transmission category in Argentina and Brazil, as is the case in many pattern I countries, making up more than one-quarter of all AIDS cases reported by 1991. HIV seroprevalence data suggest that the expanding proportion of AIDS cases attributable to drug injection stems from an absolute increase in the number of AIDS cases among drug injectors, and is not merely reflective of a decline in the proportion of cases reported in other transmission categories. Results of a review of studies in Argentina and Brazil indicate that HIV seroprevalence is increasing rapidly, contrary to the situation in some pattern I countries in which HIV seroprevalence among drug injectors is either stably high or increasing only slightly. Also contrary to most pattern I countries, cocaine rather than heroin is the injected drug of choice in Argentina and Brazil. Given that injectors of cocaine are more likely to be HIV infected than are heroin injectors, differences in the type of drug injected between countries may have distinct epidemiological consequences on the spread of HIV.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗