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Biomedical subjects

E Loizeau

Publications and source records attributed to E Loizeau.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Do ulcerogenic pepsins exist? Characterization of polymorphism of human pepsins].

Studies on the role of pepsin in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer are hampered by lack of suitable methods for the separation, characterization and quantification of different forms of pepsin. As a contribution toward solving this problem, we have developed several electrophoretic systems which exhibit a high resolving power for pepsins and their precursors, pepsinogens. When human gastric juices were fractionated by discontinuous electrophoresis at pH 3.7 in polyacrylamide gel, pepsin was resolved into as many as 20 distinct forms: 3 major isoenzymes (C, A4, A3), 4 less abundant isoforms (C', A6, A4', A3' or A2), 8-10 minor isoforms of pepsin A1 and at least 3 dimeric isoforms of pepsin A (Ad). All the pepsin components were identified by means of bidimensional electrophoresis. Pepsinogens from gastric mucosa were separated by discontinuous electrophoresis at pH 5.5 in the first dimension, then converted to pepsins in the gel by acidification and resolved by electrophoresis at pH 3.7 in the second dimension. Based on discontinuous electrophoresis at low pH, a much needed method was elaborated for the quantification of different forms of pepsin(ogen) within the stomach. This technique will allow detailed clinical studies which may provide insight into the question whether or not there are specific forms of pepsin that are associated with peptic ulcer.

Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional↗
PubMed1991

[Conservative treatment of esophageal perforations following pneumatic dilatation].

Over a 15-year period we have treated 50 patients with achalasia by pneumatic dilatation (61 dilatations). Perforation occurred in 5 patients, 2 of whom required surgery while the other 3 were successfully managed by conservative means. These 3 patients are reported on with reference to the indications and modalities of the medical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The value of endoscopic sclerotherapy in the treatment of gastroduodenal hemorrhagic ulcers].

Mortality in upper GI tract bleeding has not been affected by the introduction of diagnostic fibre optic endoscopy. Recently, however, several modes of treatment delivered through the endoscope have been shown to be effective in improving the outcome of bleeding ulcers. We have retrospectively evaluated the course of 58 patients who underwent endoscopic treatment of a bleeding ulcer. Hemostasis was initially obtained in 93% of patients. 19 (34%) had a relapse of hemorrhage and 15 of these underwent emergency operation. 5 patients (8.6%) died; one of these deaths was due to a complication of endoscopic treatment. Definitive hemostasis was obtained in 41 patients (71%). Endoscopic sclerotherapy of bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers is effective, simple, and cheap, and should be considered in all patients presenting a high risk of relapse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Terminal constipation: priority for anorectal manometry].

Terminal constipation is a common ailment which may be readily suspected by appropriate questioning of the patient. Investigation is by function tests such as anorectal manometry and measurement of colonic transit time. The goal of this investigation was to explore the relative merits of these two methods in terminal constipation. Measurement of colonic transit time did not make it possible to distinguish terminal from other forms of constipation, whereas anorectal manometry allowed this distinction and, in cases of terminal constipation, provided information on the physiopathological mechanisms, thereby permitting appropriate anorectal reeducation by biofeedback. We conclude that, once an organic cause has been excluded by coloscopy, anorectal manometry is the investigation of choice in terminal constipation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Constipation and incontinence: significance of colonic transit time, anorectal manometry and defecography].

Constipation and fecal incontinence are frequent motives of gastroenterological consultation. An etiological diagnosis can often be suspected from the history and can be confirmed by functional testing. We here report our experience with the measurement of colonic transit time (TTC), anorectal manometry (MAR) and defecography (D). Whilst TTC was unhelpful, MAR revealed abdomino-pelvic asynchrony (anismus) in 60 constipated patients and 7 (47%) of 15 incontinent patients. Perineal descent was suspected in 25 constipated patients and confirmed by defecography, which also revealed associated static pelvic disorders. Our experience confirms the role of functional exploration in the investigation of constipation and fecal incontinence and permits a more precise therapeutic approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Dietary fiber].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Constipation↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment of achalasia using balloon dilatation].

40 patients with achalasia underwent pneumatic dilatation. 25 were followed up for a mean duration of 3.96 years. Digestive symptoms disappeared in 32% of cases, were diminished in 40% and remained unchanged in 28%. In 8 patients oesophageal manometry after dilatation showed a significant reduction in lower oesophageal sphincter pressure. The patients showing improvement had a more marked drop in lower oesophageal sphincter pressure, lower residual pressure in the lower oesophageal sphincter measured by wet swallows, and negative pressure in the oesophagus. As complications 3 patients developed oesophageal perforation with one subsequent death, and 3 symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux. In view of these results, we regard pneumatic dilatation as the treatment of choice in achalasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Biliary diseases in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Apropos of 2 cases].

Biliary complications have recently been reported in patients with AIDS. This may take the form of acalculous cholecystitis or more commonly cholangitis, which may or may not be associated with stenosis of the papilla. These conditions must be sought in patients presenting with right hypochondrial pain and elevated alkaline phosphatase. Infection with Cryptosporidium or cytomegalovirus is often associated.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗