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Biomedical subjects

E M Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to E M Cohen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

The autobiography of Dr Lilian Lindsay.

Unwillingly, Lilian Lindsay started to commit to paper the story of her professional life, although, sadly, this did not progress further than the early years of her distinguished career. Her autobiography, entrusted to one of us with her personal historical notes and manuscripts in 1950, is published here for the first time, with annotations (in italics) to clarify the text by adding biographical details of persons she mentions and commenting on places and events. For some 40 years Lilian studied the history of dentistry, publishing many important papers as well as a book, Short History of Dentistry, but perhaps her most important contribution to dental history is her translation of Fauchard's Le Chirurgien Dentiste.

Dentists, Women↗
PubMed1989

Low alcohol beers and wines: attitudes of problem drinkers to their use and their effect on craving.

Thirty-one inpatient and 67 expatient problem drinkers' use of low alcohol drinks and their attitudes towards them were assessed using questionnaire measures. Self ratings of craving for alcohol were made before and after exposure to and optional tasting of low alcohol drinks. Problem drinkers were found to have a generally favourable view of low alcohol drinks, and they claimed that use of these drinks did not contribute to relapse. However, craving for alcohol was found to be significantly raised over baseline after exposure to low alcohol drinks. A significant correlation was found between this increase in craving and severity of dependence as assessed by the SADQ.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Amounts and modulation of actin mRNAs in mouse oocytes and embryos.

In order to measure the content of beta- and gamma-actin mRNA in mouse oocytes and ovulated eggs, Northern and slot blots were hybridized to complementary RNA probes transcribed from mouse isotype-specific cDNA sequences. The blots included samples of isotype-specific sense strand RNA standards prepared from the same cDNA sequences. Total actin mRNA content was estimated to be 40 fg per preovulatory full-grown oocyte or egg, consisting of one-third beta-actin mRNA and two-thirds gamma-actin mRNA. Ninety per cent of the actin mRNA is on polysomes in full-grown oocytes. The per cent of actin mRNA in polysomal mRNA is similar to the per cent of actin in newly synthesized proteins. Measurements on other developmental stages showed that, in mid-growth-phase oocytes, each actin mRNA reaches a level twofold higher than in full-grown oocytes. Thereafter, all modulations of the two isotypic mRNAs occur in parallel; that is, they are maintained at constant levels during the late growth phase (oocytes from females 8-14 days old); gradually degraded in oocytes that have completed their rapid growth phase (oocytes from females 15-18 days old), in maturing oocytes, and in 1- and 2-cell embryos; and deadenylated after about 7 h of progression into meiotic maturation.

Actins↗
PubMed1984

Small airways changes in workers exposed to asbestos.

Although restriction is considered the classic pulmonary function profile of asbestosis, studies suggest that obstruction of the peripheral airways not revealed by standard spirometry is equally frequent and indicative of peribronchiolar fibrosis. We recorded flows and volumes from maximal expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curves, closing volume data and the phase III slope of the alveolar plateau for 610 litigants, 575 men and 35 women, exposed to asbestos for varying periods in a single workplace in northern New Jersey. Smokers (260) included current smokers and subjects who had stopped within the previous 10 years; nonsmokers (350) had either never smoked or had given up for more than 10 years. Analyses were made for both groups according to years worked. Compared to predicted, smokers and nonsmokers had significantly higher closing capacities (p less than 0.01) and delta N2% (p less than 0.001) means, and lower forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume for the first second (FEV1.0, maximal expiratory flow rate (MEFR) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) functions (p less than 0.05); the flow rate after 75% of the FVC had been exhaled (FEF75%) values were significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) only for workers exposed for more than 30 years. The change from predicted was significantly more rapid for smokers, compared with nonsmokers, for FVC, FEV1.0, PEFR, MEFR and FEF75% means, while the increase in closing capacity (CC) was twice as rapid for nonsmokers and the two groups did not differ in their mean rates of rise for delta N2%. CC and the slope of the alveolar plateau appeared to be the measures best able to discriminate between the data for both smoking and nonsmoking asbestos workers and their lung function prediction means.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Stability of amitriptyline hydrochloride in a commercial aqueous solution.

A commercial amitriptyline hydrochloride solution was stored at 80 degrees for up to 3 months. High-performance liquid chromatography showed no evidence of amitriptyline hydrochloride degradation. The method also indicated that two reported degradates, 3-(propa-1,3-dienyl)-1,2;4,5-dibenzocyclohepta-1,4-diene and dibenzosuberone, were present at levels less than 0.1% (the detection limit of the method) under the storage conditions. The stability of the commercial solutions is attributed to their relatively low ratio of headspace oxygen to amitriptyline hydrochloride.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1979

Cefoxitin sodium compatibility with intravenous infusions and additives.

The compatibility and stability of cefoxitin sodium in solution with a series of frequently used intravenous infusion fluids and injectable additives were studied. Cefoxitin sodium's stability in various solutions was measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, iodometry, thin-layer chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography and microbiological assay. Cefoxitin sodium was shown to maintain 90% of its initial concentration in aqueous solution for 40 hours at room temperature (25 C) and about 30 days at 5 C. The stability of cefoxitin sodium in common i.v. infusion fluids was independent of the concentrations (1 mg/ml to 400 mg/ml) and containers used, and was retained after 30 weeks storage at -20 C. Similar stability patterns were demonstrated for cefoxitin sodium in protein hydrolysate solutions and multivitamin formulations. Cefoxitin sodium was chemically and visually compatible with amikacin sulfate, gentamicin sulfate, kanamycin sulfate and tobramycin sulfate when admixed with normal saline or 5% dextrose in water injections. Cefoxitin sodium (397 mg/ml) in 0.5% lidocaine hydrochloride was stable after 26 weeks of storage at -20 C. Sodium cefoxitin is compatible with a wide variety of commonly used infusion solutions. Its stability is independent of concentration or pH within the ranges studied, and of types of common containers.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1976

Lactate dehydrogenase and isoenzyme changes in rats with experimental thiamine deficiency.

Heat and liver lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and isoenzyme distributions were studied in rats with experimental thiamine deficiency. No change in total heart LDH activity was observed on days 24 and 40 of a thiamine deficient diet. At the time of symptoms (average 53 days on diet), total heart muscle LDH was slightly decreased in thiamine deficient rats (248 +/- 12 U/g tissue, Mn +/- SE) compared to ad lib fed controls (293 +/- 12, p less than 0.05), but did not differ from pair fed controls (273 +/- 15). Heart muscle LDH isoenzyme distribution showed a relative increase in the H4 band and a decrease in the H2M2 and HM3 bands in thiamine deficiency on day 24. This pattern became more promient by day 40. Calculated total M-LDH activity of heart muscle in thiamine deficient rats was significantly decreased at day 40 (44 +/- 3) compared to pair fed controls (57 +/- 5, p less than 0.05) and ad lib fed controls (85 +/- 7 p less than 0.001). Further changes were not observed in the symptomatic stage. Total H-LDH in heart muscle did not change during the period of study, while total liver LDH activity was reduced in thiamine deficient rats at the symptomatic stage (137 +/- 15) compared with pair fed controls (193 +/- 12, p less than 0.05) and ad lib fed controls (407 +/- 50, p less than 0.01). Liver isoenzyme electrophoresis showed an almost 100% distribution to the M4 band. The present investigation demonstrates a decrease in cardiac muscle M-LDH in experimental thiamine deficiency. Differences in LDH isoenzyme distribution in chronic hypoxia and thiamine deficiency are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Mechanical properties of rat cardiac muscle during experimental thiamine deficiency.

The intrinsic contractile properties of isolated left ventricular trabecular periods of 24, 40, and 53 days were compared with those from 35 weight-matched food-deprived animals and 25 ad libitum fed controls. Contraction mechanics were measured for each muscle when stretched to the peak of its length tension curve at 28 degrees C in oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution. Although both thiamine-deficient and food-deprived groups had a marked diminution in body and left ventricular weight in comparison to ad libitum fed controls, no differences in left ventricular weights from thiamine-deficient and food-deprived rats were observed. In comparison to ad libitum fed control animals, food-deprived rats exhibited a prolongation in the duration of muscle contraction and an augmentation of tension development after 40 days. Upon appearance of neurological signs at an average of 53 days of a thiamine-deficient rats exhibited a decrease in performance associated with a decrease in the duration of contraction and rate of tension development.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Internal mammary arteriovenous malformation with communication to the pulmonary vessels.

A 25 year old asymptomatic man with a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis presented with a continuous murmur. Selective arteriography revealed a left internal mammary arteriovenous malformation in communication with vessels in the left upper pulmonary lobe. No significant hemodynamic abnormalities were detected. This is the 26th reported case of internal mammary arteriovenous fistula and the 6th with a pulmonary communication. Review of the data in previous cases suggests that surgical indications are limited to symptomatic relief, heart failure during infancy or the possible risk of endarteritis, proximal arterial degeneration or rupture.

Adult↗