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Biomedical subjects

E M Dodds

Publications and source records attributed to E M Dodds.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Ocular toxoplasmosis].

PURPOSE: To update the current concepts in ocular toxoplasmosis. METHODS: Interpretation of recent publications, meeting information and personal experience. RESULTS: Most important aspects related to transmision of the parasite and clinical presentation of the ocular disease are discussed. Special issues on diagnosis and therapy are also mentioned. CONCLUSION: A correct knowledge of the epidemiology may allow a decrease in the ocular disease and a better diagnosis will be possible by recognizing the clinical presentations. Therapies have not changed significantly over the last years.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

Corticosteroid therapy for optic disc neovascularization secondary to chronic uveitis.

PURPOSE: To report successful corticosteroid treatment of optic disc neovascularization associated with uveitis. METHODS: Retrospective review of medical records. RESULTS: Nine patients were identified with chronic uveitis and optic disc neovascularization without clinical or angiographic evidence of retinal ischemia. Ages ranged from 14 to 37 years (median age, 27). All patients were treated with either oral and/or subtenon's corticosteroids. Partial regression of the neovascularization was observed in all patients within 2 to 6 weeks (median, 5 weeks) after initiating treatment. Eight of nine patients had complete resolution of disc neovascularization at a median of 3 months (range, 2 to 42 months) after initiation of treatment and a median follow-up of 24 months (range, 7 to 144 months). Recurrence of disc neovascularization occurred in two patients, but it regressed again after further corticosteroid therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Optic disc neovascularization may occur in patients with chronic uveitis in the absence of retinal ischemia. This neovascularization can be successfully treated with corticosteroids.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

Posterior segment inflammation in HLA-B27+ acute anterior uveitis: clinical characteristics.

PURPOSE: To examine clinical characteristics of patients who have posterior segment manifestations in HLA-B27-associated acute anterior uveitis. METHODS: Medical records of 114 HLA-B27-positive patients with acute anterior uveitis were reviewed in a retrospective fashion. Criteria for inclusion were the presence of acute anterior uveitis, a positive HLA-B27 antigen, and one of the following findings: vitreous cells >/=+2; cystoid macular edema; papillitis; vasculitis; or pars plana exudates. Twenty-four patients met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Posterior segment manifestations were found in 24 (21.05%) of 114 patients with HLA-B27+ acute anterior uveitis. Eighteen patients had diffuse vitritis (75%), seven had cystoid macular edema (29.1%), and two had papillitis (8.3%). Three patients had more than one finding. The prevalence of associated systemic disease (15 of 24 patients, 62.5%) and hypopyon (6 of 24 patients, 25%) in patients with posterior segment involvement was significantly higher than in the group of patients without posterior segment involvement (systemic disease, 33 of 90, 36.7%, p=0.04, exact chi-quare test; hypopyon, 4 of 90, 4.4%, p=0.006, exact chi-square test). The mean visual acuity at the last visit was 20/30 (range 20/20-20/100). Immunosuppressive therapy (other than corticosteroids) and surgical intervention were not required in the treatment of patients with posterior segment manifestations. CONCLUSION<?Pub Caret>: HLA-B27+ anterior uveitis is associated with posterior segment manifestations. Patients with posterior segment involvement have a significantly higher incidence of associated systemic diseases and hypopyon.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Bilateral posterior scleritis.

PURPOSE: To describe an unusual presentation of posterior scleritis in a healthy young patient. METHOD: We reviewed the medical record of 21-year-old man for clinical presentation, course, and ancillary studies. RESULTS: The healthy patient had a painless, bilateral posterior scleritis that presented with a combination of circumscribed fundus masses and exudative macular detachment. On fluorescein angiography, different hyper-fluorescent patterns characterized the two manifestations of posterior scleritis. An ultrasound confirmed the scleral thickening. Fundoscopic abnormalities resolved with oral prednisone. CONCLUSION: Pain is not always present in this disease. A combination of exudative macular detachment and circumscribed fundus masses can be a form of presentation in posterior scleritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Choroidal neovascularization secondary to Candida albicans chorioretinitis.

PURPOSE: To study the clinical histories and courses of six patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to endogenous Candida albicans chorioretinitis. METHODS: The medical records, fundus photographs, and fluorescein angiograms of six patients who developed C. albicans chorioretinitis secondary to candidemia and who subsequently developed choroidal neovascularization in one or both eyes were reviewed. RESULTS: The six patients ranged in age from 18 to 79 years. Four were women and two men; all but one showed evidence of bilateral chorioretinal scarring secondary to C. albicans chorioretinitis. All patients had been treated successfully with systemic antifungal therapy (amphotericin B). Two weeks to two years after the chorioretinitis, choroidal neovascularization developed in one eye (four cases) or both eyes (two cases). The neovascularization on initial examination was subfoveal in four eyes, extrafoveal in three eyes, and juxtafoveal in one eye. Laser photocoagulation was used in four of the eight involved eyes. In these cases, the active choroidal neovascularization was brought under control. In one eye, the patient had submacular surgery for excision of the choroidal neovascular membrane. Final visual acuities ranged from 20/20 to 20/200 in treated eyes and from 20/50 to 20/400 in untreated eyes. CONCLUSION: Choroidal neovascularization is a potential cause of late visual loss in patients who have had C. albicans sepsis and endogenous C. albicans chorioretinitis. Eyes that have chorioretinal scarring from C. albicans chorioretinitis should be watched for the development of choroidal neovascularization. Laser photocoagulation or perhaps surgical excision of the neovascular complex may be of benefit in selected cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis caused by Septata intestinalis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PURPOSE: To examine and treat a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who had mildly hyperemic conjunctiva and epithelial keratopathy in both eyes. METHODS: The patient underwent conjunctival biopsy. The specimen was examined by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Septata intestinalis was demonstrated to be the cause of keratoconjunctivitis in the patient. The keratoconjunctivitis resolved after three weeks of therapy with topical fumagillin. No organisms were seen on repeat conjunctival biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in patients with AIDS can be caused by S. intestinalis. This condition appears to respond to topical fumagillin.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

Plasmapheresis treatment of central retinal vein occlusion in a young adult.

PURPOSE/METHODS: A 16-year-old girl with mixed connective tissue disease had central retinal vein occlusion. The patient was treated with plasmapheresis. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: Resolution of clinical findings of central retinal vein occlusion was documented by fluorescein angiography and visual field tests within 15 days of treatment. Plasmapheresis may be effective therapy in carefully selected cases of central retinal vein occlusion in young adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

CD8+ T lymphocytes and cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PURPOSE: We compared the levels of CD8+ and CD4+ cells in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients who had normal eye examinations, microvasculopathy, or ocular infections other than cytomegalovirus retinitis to those of patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis, to determine whether lymphocyte counts other than CD4+ are predictive of cytomegalovirus retinitis. METHODS: The records of HIV-positive patients who had a lymphocyte subset analysis within three months of a complete eye examination were reviewed for age, gender, mode of HIV transmission, stage of disease, ocular findings, and absolute lymphocyte counts. Data for patients without cytomegalovirus retinitis were compared with those for patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis. RESULTS: Ninety-three HIV-positive patients had a lymphocyte subset analysis within three months of a complete eye examination; 76 patients had no cytomegalovirus retinitis and 17 had cytomegalovirus retinitis. Patients without cytomegalovirus retinitis and those with cytomegalovirus retinitis had the following median cell counts: CD4+, 76.0 and 15.0 cells/microliters; CD8+, 634.5 and 280.0 cells/microliters, respectively. Patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis had significantly lower CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts than those without cytomegalovirus retinitis (P < .001). CD4+ and CD8+ cells are significantly correlated with each other, and the correlation is much higher in patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis (r = .80, P < .001) than in patients without cytomegalovirus retinitis (r = .57, P < .001). Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that CD8+ cell counts were also predictive of cytomegalovirus retinitis. CONCLUSION: Patients with low CD4+ cell counts are known to be at high risk for cytomegalovirus retinitis. We showed that patients with low CD8+ cell counts are also at high risk for cytomegalovirus retinitis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

Posterior scleritis with annular ciliochoroidal detachment.

PURPOSE: We studied an unusual case of posterior scleritis in a patient with sarcoidosis. METHOD: The medical record was reviewed for clinical manifestation, course, and tests performed, including laboratory evaluations, fluorescein angiography, and ultrasonography. RESULTS: The patient had posterior scleritis and unilateral angle-closure glaucoma caused by an annular ciliochoroidal detachment. Sarcoidosis was confirmed by biopsy of an enlarged parotid gland. CONCLUSION: The mechanism of angle-closure glaucoma may not be clinically or echographically apparent for a week or more in patients who develop annular ciliochoroidal detachment. We also found an unusual association of sarcoidosis and annular ciliochoroidal detachment secondary to posterior scleritis.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗