Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E M Esedov.
A case of hepatic polycystosis (HPC), a hereditary diseases inherited by autosomic-dominant type, is reported. This case presents a rare combination of HPC with polycystosis of the thyroid and parotid glands, congenital cryptorchism and rectal prolapse.
Primary lung hypertension (PLH) is a rare disease of unknown etiology seen largely in young persons. PLH shows rapid progression with lethal outcome 3-5 years after registration of the first symptoms. Early diagnosis of the disease is difficult. A case described in the article illustrates real difficulties in PLH diagnosis and treatment. The patient several times lost consciousness for a short time at insignificant exercise. This phenomenon has not been described in the literature so far.
The trial included 50 patients with hydatid echinococcosis of the liver and 5 control patients operated urgently for extrahepatic pathology. The patients underwent clinical and biochemical tests, ultrasound investigation of the liver. Structural and functional changes in the liver were analysed with reference to the stage of the echinococcal cyst. Morphological picture of the liver was studied by light microscopy, its functional picture--by activity of AsAT and AlAT in hepatic tissue. Morphological and biochemical tests were made on hepatic biopsies obtained from the pericystic and far from the cyst zones. The most severe histological changes affecting all structures of the liver were registered in the parasite's life cycles II and III. AsAT and AlAT changes in the liver were not related to the biological cycle of the parasite; echinococcal patients' liver contained them in lower concentrations than that of control subjects. Moreover, blood serum levels of AsAT and AlAT are higher than in liver tissue. Thus, growth of the echinococcal cyst in the liver is accompanied with marked morphofunctional disorders. This necessitates early detection and surgical treatment of hepatic echinococcosis. To prevent postoperative complications, adequate preoperative preparation and postoperative intensive treatment must be conducted.
A case is reported of an accurate diagnosis of chronic histiocytosis X initiated with lung affection. The disease is characterized by a benign course for 7 years in the absence of treatment in spite of associated viral infection (hepatitis B virus) which is suggested to be one of causative factors of histiocytosis X.
AIM: To examine the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT) and alaninaminotransferase (AlAT) in homogenates of hepatic biopsies from patients with echinococcosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical, biochemical examinations, ultrasonic examination of the liver were made in 49 patients with hydatid echinococcosis of the liver and 5 control patients operated on for extrahepatic pathology. Morphological picture of the liver was examined with light microscopy. AsAT and AlAT activity in hepatic tissue were estimated with 2,4-dinitrophenilhydrazin method. RESULTS: There were marked cellular and extracellular disorders and significant lowering of transaminases in the pericystic zone of hepatic tissue vs such indices for far from the echynococcal cyst sites of the liver. CONCLUSION: In hepatic echinococcosis hepatic tissue undergoes diffuse alteration associated with severe morphofunctional disorders which require adequate preoperative preparation of the patients, in postoperative period adequate intensive therapy is needed.
AIM: To assess activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in acute ulcer and in the end of its treatment with antisecretory (omeprasole and zaran), anti-Helicobacter (metronidasole) and antioxidant (alpha-tocopherol) drugs in patients with duodenal ulcer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 126 patients with duodenal ulcer were divided into 6 groups: group 1 patients had Helicobacter pylori (HP+) and were given omeprasole; group 2 patients had HP and were given omeprasole + metronizarole; group 3 patients were free of HP and received metronidasole + alpha-tocopherol; group 4 HP+ patients received zaran; group 5 HP+ patients got zaran = metronidasole; group 6 free of HP received zaran + alpha-tocopherol. The patients were examined using esophagogastroduodenoscopy, roentgenoscopy of the stomach, tests of the gastric juice. RESULTS: An acute phase of ulcer was accompanied with enhanced activity of superoxide dismutase and low activity of catalase in mucosal biopsies from ulcer lesion and periulcer zone. In remission, antioxidant system resumed normal activity depending on the kind of the combined therapy. The combination omeprasole + metronidasole was more effective in HP eradication than zaran + metronidasole. Effect of alpha-tocopherol was poor. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that HP stimulates lipid peroxidation and thus maintains inflammation in gastric and duodenal mucosa.
Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in the margin and periulcerous zones of duodenal mucosa were investigated in 111 patients with duodenal ulcer before treatment and in periscar zone after chemotherapy allowing for Helicobacter pylori infection. In active ulcer lipid peroxidation was high while antioxidant activity was depressed. Helicobacter pylori was found able to initiate peroxidation. Pathogenetic therapy including antihelicobacter drugs inhibits activity of lipid peroxidation and promotes normalization of antioxidant activity of duodenal mucosa. This gives grounds for combined use of antisecretory and antichelicobacter medicines.
AIM: Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant defense (AOD) in ulcer and periulcer zones of duodenal mucosa were studied at different phases of ulcer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 111 patients with duodenal ulcer exacerbation before treatment and in the course of the treatment were studied versus 23 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: In active ulcer there was high activity of LPO and depressed AOD. LPO may be initiated by Helicobacter pylori. Pathogenetic measures including anti-Helicobacter ones decreased LPO hyperactivity and promoted AOD normalization. CONCLUSION: In ulcer, optimal treatment is supposed to combine antisecretory and antibacterial drugs adjusted to the activity of ulcer and imbalance between LPO and AOD systems in gastric and duodenal mucosa.
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Fifty-four patients with peptic ulcer were examined for the cellular composition in the zone of ulcer. The cytologic alterations consisted in the predominance of neutrophilic leukocytes at the disease onset, followed by lymphoplasmacytic-leukocytic and primarily lymphoplasmacytic and macrophagal infiltration. The cellular alterations point to the presence of immune inflammation in the ulcerous zone. This confirms the involvement of the immune mechanisms in ulcer formation.
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The efficiency of stepwise therapeutic courses was assessed on the basis of clinical data, and histomorphologic and histochemical findings in large-intestinal mucosa of patients with chronic non-ulcerative colitis and colodyskinesia, followed up for 6 to 15 years. The duration of remissions in chronic colitis and colodyskinesia depends on the diet and regular meal-taking, adequate long-term combined treatment taking into account histomorphologic and morphometric parameters of large-intestinal inflammation, the extent of disturbance in intestinal microbiocenosis, and the clinical pattern of functional intestinal disorders. Recurrent acute attacks of colodyskinesia (its hyperkinetic variant, in particular) may result in inflammation of colonic mucosa.
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