Giant cell arteritis update.
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic disorder characterized by vasculitis involving medium and large arteries. GCA is an ophthalmologic and systemic emergency, because devastating consequences, such as blindness and death, can occur without treatment. With prompt recognition and appropriate treatment, complications are almost always preventable. The prognosis for recovery of vision already lost because of GCA is usually poor, underscoring the absolute necessity of immediate intervention. Knowledge of the various manifestations of GCA is essential for recognition of this disorder early enough to prevent complications. This article highlights the important points regarding diagnosis, management, and complications associated with treatment of GCA.