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Biomedical subjects

E M Ibrahim

Publications and source records attributed to E M Ibrahim.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Antiemetic efficacy of high-dose dexamethasone: randomized, double-blind, crossover study with high-dose metoclopramide in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy.

A double-blind, randomized, crossover study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of high-dose dexamethasone and high-dose metoclopramide in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. All entered patients had no prior chemotherapy and all received inpatient emetogenic chemotherapy mainly without cisplatin. Of the 40 evaluable patients, 23 (58%) had no vomiting with dexamethasone compared with only 11 (28%) receiving metoclopramide (P less than 0.025). Dexamethasone was found to have less adverse effect than metoclopramide on patient's appetite and activity (P less than 0.025 and P less than 0.01, respectively). Twenty-one patients (53%) developed mild to severe somnolence with metoclopramide compared to only seven (18%) who experienced this adverse effect with dexamethasone (P less than 0.01). Six patients (15%) developed extrapyramidal manifestations with metoclopramide, but none with dexamethasone. Furthermore, during dexamethasone therapy, patients developed less diaphoresis, insomnia, headache and dizziness. Upon questioning patients about their preference to future use of the antiemetic drug therapy, 28 patients (70%) preferred dexamethasone, two (5%) preferred metoclopramide and 10 (25%) found no difference. We conclude that high-dose dexamethasone has a greater antiemetic activity and is more safe than high-dose metoclopramide in patients receiving emetogenic chemotherapy mainly without cisplatin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Extraspinal meningioma. Case report.

A case of ectopic extraspinal meningioma is reported which presented as a tumor at the back of the neck of a 51-year-old woman. This neoplasm was of considerable size and arose extradurally in the region of the C-2 nerve root, with its main bulk lying almost totally outside the spinal canal in the right suboccipital region. Total resection was accomplished in two stages, with no evidence of recurrence after 1 year. The rarity of such cases prompted this report.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Oral cancer in Saudi Arabia: the role of alqat and alshammah.

The purpose of this retrospective clinical study is to look into the etiological role of alshammah and alqat consumption in the causation of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCHN) in Arabia. Alshammah and alqat are traditional forms of chewable tobacco very commonly used in southern Saudi Arabia and Yemem. In a 2 year period 64 patients with histologically proven SCHN were found. Most of them were originally from southern Saudi Arabia and Yemen. Of these 64 patients 52 (81%) admitted alshammah consumption. Of these 52 patients 22 admitted alqat consumption in addition. Thirty-eight (59%) had oral cancer, while the rest had pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer. All the 38 patients with oral cancer either used alshammah alone (16 patients) or used both alshammah and alqat (22 patients). The median duration of alshammah consumption was 15 years and that of alqat was 12 years. Alcohol was not consumed among the group and only few were cigarette smokers. Most patients presented in the late stage of the disease. The evidence implicating alshammah and alqat in the causation of SCHN is only clinically based. Further controlled prospective clinical and experimental studies are needed to confirm the theory.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1986

The pattern of colonic diseases in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the incidence and scope of lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Between August 1981 and April 1984, 288 patients with significant complaints and physical signs attributable to the lower GIT were prospectively evaluated. A complete patient history was taken in each case followed by physical examination, routine laboratory studies and a sigmoidoscopic examination. In 128 patients (44.5%), sigmoidoscopy and rectal and/or colonic biopsies did not reveal any pathological abnormalities. These patients were considered to have various disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or parasitic infestation. Eighty-one patients (28%) were found to have mild to moderate non-specific colitis or proctitis. In another 49 patients (17%) the diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni was made. Ulcerative colitis and colorectal carcinoma were detected in only 11 (4%) and 4 (1.5%) patients respectively. In the remaining 15 patients (5%), other lower GIT diseases were found. Comparative analysis of the disease pattern in our series has demonstrated some differences from other series from within the Kingdom and also from other countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Abdominal tuberculosis: a frequent diagnostic challenge.

In recent years, abdominal tuberculosis has become rare in many countries even where pulmonary tuberculosis still exists. A case of abdominal tuberculosis is described in a young male who presented with non-specific symptoms together with CT scan findings that simulated abdominal lymphoma. Diagnosis was established during abdominal exploration. The frequency of various presenting manifestations of abdominal tuberculosis are discussed. The report emphasizes the need for a high index of suspicion to save patients unnecessary exploratory laparatomy.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia: treatment with combination chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin and mitomycin-C.

An analysis is done of 40 evaluable patients treated with a combination of 5-Fluorouracil, adriamycin and mitomycin-C for primary hepatocellular carcinoma in Saudi Arabia. In only 5 patients (12.5%) objective partial remission was achieved. The duration of remission for responding patients was: 6, 6, 8, 12 and 20 weeks, respectively. Responders demonstrated a short survival time of 8, 8, 10, 15 and 33 weeks. The median survival time of non-responders was 8 weeks, which was not different from that of responders. An analysis of potential factors that might contribute to our poor results is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Situs inversus totalis with embryonal cell carcinoma of ovaries.

A very rare association between situs inversus totalis and embryonal cell carcinoma of the ovary is presented in a 20-year-old Saudi female. Recurrence of the tumor in the form of metastases to the left lobe of the liver was successfully treated using a combination of bleomycin, vinblastine++ and cis-platinum. Second-look laparotomy has confirmed the complete remission.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Adjuvant BCG immunotherapy for stage I and II malignant melanoma.

Initial adjuvant immunotherapy trials have demonstrated a greater disease-free interval in patients treated with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) compared with historical controls. In this study 149 patients at high risk of recurrence after surgical treatment of local or regional malignant melanoma were given BCG for 2 years and were followed up for a median of 28 months from the start of immunotherapy. The 36 patients in the comparison group had a higher rate of recurrence than the patients treated with BCG, and the rate in the treatment group was close to that reported from a similar study at the University of California at Los Angeles. The relatively long disease-free interval for the high-risk comparison patients in this study suggests that the control groups at other centres may have included patients with unrecognized additional risk. The rates of survival in the Canadian treatment group were also comparable to those reported by other centres. However, reports of a favourable BCG-mediated pattern of recurrence could not be confirmed. Therefore, the routine use of adjuvant BCG immunotherapy is not recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Primary hepatic lymphoma: two case reports and a review of the literature.

This report describes the clinical and pathological features of two cases of primary hepatic lymphoma. Both cases presented with nonspecific symptoms and hepatomegaly. In each case the diagnosis was made at laparatomy. Both responded well to combination chemotherapy. Case 1 achieved a partial remission and Case 2 a complete remission. A review of the literature reveals only five cases or primary hepatic lymphoma: none of these had been successfully treated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Upregulation of CD44 expression by interleukins 1, 4, and 13, transforming growth factor-beta1, estrogen, and progestogen in human cervical adenocarcinoma cell lines.

Although cervical adenocarcinoma constitutes approximately 10-20% of primary malignant tumors of the uterine cervix, its pathogenesis is less well understood than that of the corresponding squamous cancer. CD44 is a cell surface glycoprotein postulated to play a role in many biologic processes including tumor growth and metastasis. We have previously reported from immunohistochemical studies that a particular CD44 variant (CD44v5) is consistently overexpressed in endocervical neoplasia. It thus has potential as a diagnostic marker and even as a target for therapeutic approaches directed against specific epitopes. The aim of this study was to investigate which cytokines and hormones are capable of modulating CD44v5 expression, using a cell culture model. The effects of interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-13, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, estrogen, and progestogen on CD44v5 expression were examined in cultures of three human cervical adenocarcinoma cell lines (HeLa, HeLa229, and HS588T). Expression was assessed using dual fluorescence-labeled flow cytometry and western blotting techniques. It was found that incubation of cultures for 72 h with IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-13, TGF-beta1 (all at 0.1-10 ng/mL), estrogen (5-10 ng/mL), or progestogen (5-20 ng/mL) induced significant upregulation of CD44v5. These factors are likely to exert a similar stimulatory influence in vivo and may contribute to the process of carcinogenesis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A single nocturnal dose of famotidine for the treatment of duodenal ulcer: evaluation of efficacy and safety.

The efficacy and safety of a single nocturnal dose of famotidine (40 mg) was evaluated in 30 consecutive patients of duodenal ulcer (DU). Three patients were lost for follow-up and therefore were excluded. The mean age of remaining 27 patients was 34.3 (+/- 9.9) years and male to female ratio was 8:1. The mean size of the DU was 1.21 (+/- 0.79) cm. After a 4-week therapy all patients showed significant improvement and repeat endoscopy in 24 out of 27 patients (89%, 95% confidence interval; 78% to 100%) showed healed ulcer. Clinical assessment of pain relief at 4-week showed significant drop in the mean score of baseline daytime (from 1.85 to 0.13) and baseline nocturnal pain (from 1.70 to 0.10) (p less than 0.0001 and less than 0.0001, respectively). Also shown was the significant decrease in the mean gastrointestinal symptoms score from 5.89 at baseline to only 0.89 at 4-week (p less than 0.0001). Despite that all those who failed to show ulcer healing at 4-week were smokers, logistic regression analysis could not identify smoking or any other risk factors as adverse predictors of ulcer healing. None of the patients experienced significant side effects or adverse reactions. We conclude, that a single nocturnal dose of famotidine is a practical, highly effective and safe approach for the management of DU.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Simulations model for predicting survival in women receiving adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer.

PURPOSE: In 1990, a worldwide overview of the randomized trials of all aspects of the systemic treatment of early breast cancer was undertaken by the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group. We used the overview data to develop a simulations model to assess and compare the potential benefits of various adjuvant therapies. METHODS: The model consists of an expert system, a simulations module, a graphical user interface, and an output module. RESULTS: The model has shown that tamoxifen benefited all women regardless of age or estrogen-receptor status. However, absolute gains in disease-free survival and life expectancy compared with controls were higher in women younger than 50 years of age. Prolonged chemotherapy showed absolute benefits in disease-free survival and life expectancy for all age groups and all nodal states, but the magnitude of absolute benefit appeared smaller in older women. The magnitude of the absolute gain in disease-free survival and life expectancy achieved by ovarian ablation in patients younger than 50 years of age was equal to or better than that attained by tamoxifen or prolonged chemotherapy. Ovarian ablation added to chemotherapy in young patients has demonstrated an improvement in disease-free survival and life expectancy superior to that achieved by chemotherapy alone. On the other hand, particularly for women younger than 50 years, the magnitude of the survival gain accomplished by combining tamoxifen and chemotherapy versus each modality alone was greater for disease-free survival than for life expectancy. CONCLUSIONS: We illustrate the development process and outcome of a robust tool for reasoning and decision-making. The limitations of the model are discussed.

Adult↗