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Biomedical subjects

E M Lawrence

Publications and source records attributed to E M Lawrence.

3 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

Pneumococcal vaccine in normal children. Primary and secondary vaccination.

A pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine containing 50 micrograms of each of 14 pneumococcal types was administered to 79 children 2 to 5 years of age. In earlier studies, 52 of these children had received pneumococcal vaccine; 27 had received a placebo. Local reactions were significantly greater in the reimmunized group. Antibody response to the vaccine was similar in both groups. Mean fold rises to most vaccine components were at least twofold. The response to specific pneumococcal types was unrelated to the frequency with which each type causes illness. Response to type 6 continued to be poor for children up to age 5 years. A vaccine with improved immunogenicity must be developed before widespread use in normal children is advocated. However, the 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine currently available is moderately immunogenic in children by age 2 years and should be given to patients with increased risk of pneumococcal illness at that time.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Secretory immunological response after intranasal inactivated influenza A virus vaccinations: evidence for immunoglobulin A memory.

An intranasal, inactivated trivalent influenza A vaccine containing 7 micrograms of A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3N2) hemagglutinin was administered to 20 children aged 1 to 6 years to assess the local and systemic immune responses to antigen delivered to the respiratory tract. Six children without prior influenza virus infection exhibited no local immune response and manifested only a minimal systemic response to the intranasal vaccine. In contrast, five individuals who were previously infected with a live attenuated influenza A H3N2 virus vaccine, although having no residual secretory antibody at the time of challenge, promptly developed a local antibody response to intranasal, inactivated antigen. Therefore, the live influenza A virus vaccine had induced memory in the local immunoglobulin A (IgA) immune system. The third group of nine children had previously been infected with wild-type H3N2 influenza virus. A majority of these children had residual local and systemic antibody at the time of challenge but they demonstrated some boosting of local IgA antibody with administration of intranasal inactivated vaccine. The competence of the secretory IgA immune system in young children in mounting primary and secondary responses to influenza antigens has important implications for approaches to prevention of influenzal illness.

Administration, Intranasal↗