Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E M Muller.
Vocal loudness productions of five similar groups of speakers were analyzed. The groups differed significantly in "comfortable" loudness, in multiples (2x, 4x, and 0.5x) of comfortable loudness, and in ranges (4x -0.5x) of comfortable loudness. Interclass reliabilities for sets of measures were high and highly significant. Implications for the specification of vocal loudness behaviors are discussed.
The variable nature of the perioral system as a force generator is due, in large part, to differences in the spatial arrangement and degree of muscle representation in this region. This fact requires careful consideration when attempting to compare select properties of force dynamics among individual subjects in health and disease. The objective of the present study was to determine the relation between an indirect measure of muscle length (interangle span) and in vivo resultant force in the perioral region of normal adult subjects. Perioral force associated with the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was found to increase systematically with increases in the span between the load sensitive cantilevers positioned between the corners of the mouth. The active force component of the MVC was significantly greater for male than female subjects, whereas passive forces were equal. Active force is discussed in relation to rest positions of the oral opening and the assessment of the force operating range for speech and other oromotor behaviors in health and disease.
The quantitative relationships between dietary energy intake and weight gain in pregnancy, birthweight and lactation performance during the first three months of infancy have been studied in such a way as to take account of major differences in the patterns of heavy manual labour at different times of the year in a subsistence farming community. Maternal weight gain and the accumulation of subcutaneous fat were significantly lower when the last trimester of pregnancy fell during the time of heaviest farm work and lowest energy intakes. The birth-weight of babies was also significantly correlated with differences in energy intake throughout the year. During early lactation breast milk yields were significantly related to concomitant alterations in the subcutaneous fat stores. Evidence has been produced which suggests that in undernourished nursing women there could be a competition for dietary energy between the repleting maternal subcutaneous fat organs and the mammary glands at the expense of milk production.
This paper describes the design refinements made in an earlier prototype system for transducing lip and jaw movements in the midsagittal plane. Major improvements over the prototype system included: reduced transducer loading, improved two-dimensional separation and resolution, elimination of possible artifacts due to lateral-medial or rotational movement, electrical isolation of the subject from the transducer, increased capability to transduce movements of children as well as adults, and an accessory instrument for orienting the transducers with reference to defined anatomical planes.
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