PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E M Nielsen

Publications and source records attributed to E M Nielsen.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Use of norfloxacin to study colonization ability of Escherichia coli in in vivo and in vitro models of the porcine gut.

The colonization resistance conveyed by the intestinal microbiota can prevent colonization of the intestinal system by new strains. In this study, this resistance was partly circumvented by use of the antimicrobial drug norfloxacin. The colonization abilities of two closely related Escherichia coli strains, which were resistant to nalidixic acid and rifampin, respectively, were investigated in minipigs and a two-stage continuous-flow in vitro gut model. Whereas both strains were unable to colonize the intact enteric system in vivo and in vitro, a 3-day norfloxacin treatment modified both systems to allow colonization by the nalidixic acid-resistant strain but not the rifampin-resistant strain. The results indicate the usefulness of norfloxacin to circumvent the normal colonization resistance while keeping a fairly normal microbiota in the gut. The results also indicate that it could be possible to construct in vitro gut models which could distinguish between strains with different gut colonization abilities. Both of these possibilities could come to be used in the study of the colonization and effects in the gut of new bacterial strains, i.e., genetically modified microorganisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The intraurethral plug. A new alternative in the treatment of women with stress incontinence].

The intraurethral plug has been developed for treatment of women with stress-incontinence. The plug is made of thermoplastic-elastomeric material and consists of a meatus plate, a soft stalk and one or two beads along the stalk. The individual plug is constructed on the basis of the result of the urethral pressure profile. The plug is removed manually prior to micturition and after micturition a new plug is introduced by the patient. A plug with two beads was employed in period 1 (seven days) and a plug with one bead for period 2 (seven days). Twenty-two patients completed period 1. Eight of these patients did not complete period 2, mainly on account of unchanged incontinence during period 1 or repeated loss of the plug with one bead. In periods 1 and 2, 73% and 79% of the patients, respectively, were both subjectively and objectively continent or considerably improved. This preliminary investigation demonstrates that the intraurethral plug may be an alternative form of treatment of women with stress incontinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The urethral plug: a new treatment modality for genuine urinary stress incontinence in women.

A new modality, the urethral plug, was used to treat 22 women with genuine urinary stress incontinence. The plug is made of thermoplastic elastomer (Kraton G), and consists of a meatal plate, a soft stalk and 1 or 2 spheres along the stalk. The spheres were located according to the result of the urethral pressure profile. The midpoint of the proximal sphere was placed at the bladder neck and the distal sphere was placed just above the maximum urethral pressure point. At voiding the plug was removed and afterwards a new plug was inserted. The plug with 2 spheres was tested in week 1 (period 1) and the plug with only the distal sphere was tested in week 2 (period 2). A total of 22 patients completed period 1. Eight patients did not complete period 2, mostly due to either unchanged incontinence during period 1 or a repeated loss of the plug with 1 sphere. In periods 1 and 2, 73 and 79% of the patients were subjectively and objectively continent or improved. A total of 14 patients completed both periods. Eight patients preferred the plug with 2 spheres, 1 preferred the other plug and 5 had no preference. The side effects were few. This preliminary study shows that the urethral plug seems to be a promising alternative treatment for female genuine urinary stress incontinence.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1990

Blood oxygen parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. An evaluation of measured and calculated 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations.

48 simultaneous arterial and venous blood samples from 15 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were evaluated for calculated p50 and measured and calculated 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) concentration. 23 samples (48%) demonstrated a leftward shift in the calculated in vivo p50, whereas both measured and calculated DPG showed 5% below and 28% above reference range. Measured DPG was significantly higher than calculated DPG in the leftshifted group, whereas there was no significant difference in the non-leftshifted group. Mean arterial pH was alkalotic in the leftshifted group and significantly higher than mean pH in the non-leftshifted group. It is concluded that DPG concentration cannot be calculated by the algorithm in patients with COPD and a leftward shift in the oxygen dissociation curve.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗
PubMed1989

[Medically staffed ambulances for trauma victims].

During a period of 16 years, prehospital advanced life support was provided for a total of 123 trauma patients. The average age was 32 years. Fifty-five patients were dead on the arrival of the mobile intensive care unit. In 83% of the cases, the Causes of the injuries were traffic accidents. The median injury severity score was 23. Out of the 63 treated patients, 27 suffered from respiratory failure, 23 were in shock and 35 were unconscious. Potential life-saving treatment in the form of intubation and/or massive intravenous infusion was provided for 24 patients, six of whom survived. On the basis of these results it is recommended that advanced prehospital life support should be extended also to include trauma patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[An mobile intensive care unit manned with medical personnel. Experience from a 16-year period].

An attempt is made to assess the value of a medically-staffed mobile intensive care unit which has functioned for 16 years at Holstebro Central Hospital. The medically-staffed ambulance responded to emergency calls concerning 2,048 patients. The average age was 56 years, 1,225 patients were men, 461 were women and in 362 cases the sex was not recorded. Of these 753 were non-cardiac cases, 883 were cardiac cases and in 412 cases, the diagnosis was not recorded. Resuscitation was commenced in 649 cases and this proved successful primarily in 175 cases (27%). Sixty-seven of these patients (38%) were discharged from hospital. In nine cases only defibrillation was performed while supplementary drugs were administered in 434 cases. Treatment consisted mainly of cardiovascular drugs, divretics, analgesics, intravenous fluid and in 518 cases intubation. The drug treatment required the presence of a doctor. The cost was modest, particularly as this arrangement has, hitherto, not required extra staffing. Improvements in the existing prehospital emergency treatment are proposed. In particular, the alarm system should be changed. A medically-staffed mobile intensive care arrangement will render commencement of thrombolytic treatment possible in cases of acute myocardial infarction as early as possible.

Adolescent↗