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Biomedical subjects

E M Pattison

Publications and source records attributed to E M Pattison.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Systematic analysis of research on religious variables in four major psychiatric journals, 1978-1982.

The authors conducted a systematic analysis of quantitative research on religious variables found in four psychiatric journals between 1978 and 1982. Of the 2,348 psychiatric articles reviewed, 59 included a quantified religious variable. In this research, the religious variable chosen was most often a single static measure of religion rather than multiple dynamic measures. In addition, other available religious research was seldom cited. Comparison with systematic analyses of religious research in psychology and sociology suggests that psychiatric research lacks conceptual and methodological sophistication. The data suggest that the academic knowledge and skills needed to evaluate religion have not been absorbed into the psychiatric domain.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1984

Proposal for a distinctive diagnosis: the deliberate self-harm syndrome (DSH).

Self-destructive behavior is a major clinical problem in psychiatry. A review of the literature reveals the existence of enough clinical data to identify a diagnostic entity, "The Deliberate Self-Harm Syndrome" (DSH). The authors present a diagnostic formulation of the DSH syndrome (in the DSM-III format) which consists of four essential clinical features, a group of associated features, clinical features, a group of associated features, a clinical course of typical onset in late adolescence, with multiple recurrent episodes, with multiple methods of low lethality physical self-injury, extending over many years. On the basis of relatively exclusive association of clinical signs and symptoms a heuristic clinical entity is proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The deliberate self-harm syndrome.

Recent research has differentiated several distinct classes of self-destructive behavior. This paper describes the clinical characteristics of one class, the deliberate self-harm syndrome. Analysis of 56 published case reports of self-harm revealed a typical pattern of onset in late adolescence, multiple recurrent episodes, low lethality, harm deliberately inflicted upon the body, and extension of the behavior over many years. Since the clinical characteristics of the deliberate self-harm syndrome differ substantially from those of other classes of self-destructive behavior, the authors propose that DSM-IV classify deliberate self-harm as a separate diagnostic syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Social networks and mental illness in a peasant society.

Social networks of 35 mentally ill persons were studied in Lao villages. Mental illness was associated with a decrease in size of social networks, disproportionate reliance on family, and asymmetric instrumental exchange. Nonkin "sponsors" provided assistance to those alienated from or abandoned by relatives. For those with late onset or episodic course, past accumulation of "social reserve" or "social capital" favored continuation of large networks. Size of social network was positively correlated with social function but bore little relation to psychopathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Analysis of a schizophrenic psychosocial network.

The amorphous concept of social support systems merits construction of a conceptually coherent theoretical model linked to social theory and amenable to empirical investigation. The social network paradigm is presented as such a model. The model is further defined in terms of the intimate psychosocial network, which has been empirically studied with the Pattison Psychosocial Kinship Inventory. The characteristics of the normal network are shown to differ substantially in the schizophrenic network. The structure and functions of the schizophrenic network are illustrated in a case study analysis. The schizophrenic network is shown to exhibit dynamics that generate and perpetuate psychotic behavior. A strategy for network intervention is described, based on the model of structural change in the network social system.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Social climates in community groups: toward a taxonomy.

While community groups have often helped people cope with stress, little empirical research has been available to guide their use in prevention or treatment. To partly fill this gap, an empirical taxonomy of community groups was derived from ratings of 41 randomly selected groups on 35 dimensions of Group Structure, Function, and Membership Characteristics. Cluster analysis defined five types. By comparison with other associations, Self-Interest (e.g., liberation and minority) groups rated lower in regulations and had members who were newer to the community. Self-Help groups were highly regulated settings providing support, integration, and developmental aids. Their members had few social relations apart from the family. Social Communion groups rated high on the provision of support for members often living without family. Civic Development groups rated highest on dimensions emphasizing personal development for persons with external sources of support and status. Finally, Recreation groups were casual and briefly attended groups. Their members were younger and less often married than those in other associations. Strategies for group referrals may be implied.

California↗
PubMed1980

"Ex-Gays": Religiously mediated change in homosexuals.

The authors evaluated 11 white men who claimed to have changed sexual orientation from exclusive homosexuality to exclusive heterosexuality through participation in a pentecostal church fellowship. Religious ideology and a religious community offered the subjects "folk therapy" experience that was paramount in producing their change. On the average their self-identification as homosexual occurred at age 11, their change to heterosexual identification occurred at age 23, and their period of heterosexual identification at the time of this study was 4 years. The authors report 8 men became emotionally detached from homosexual identity in both behavior and intrapsychic process; 3 men were functionally heterosexual with some evidence of neurotic conflict. On the Kinsey 7-point sexual orientation scale all subjects manifested major before-after changes. Corollary evidence suggests that the phenomenon of substantiated changed in sexual orientation without explicit treatment and/or long-term psychotherapy may be more more common than previously thought.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1980

Economic viability of the mental health worker.

Lower salary costs and effective provision of services to specific community groups are counted among the advantages of the use of mental health workers in community programs. In a cost-benefit analysis of the value of health manpower, salaries and service provision are only two of several factors, yet the circumstances of funding, training, and role diffusion that surround the use of the mental health worker have precluded true cost-benefit analysis. The authors believe that the mental health worker program of the Orange County, California, community mental health program is developed and stable encough that the initial steps of an economic analysis are possible. The data from the analysis show that, in the outpatient program, mental health workers constitute 37 per cent of the clinical staff and provide 41 per cent of the direct services, yet account for 26 per cent of the direct peronnel costs.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1980

The NCA diagnostic criteria: critique, assessment, alternatives.

This analysis of the NCA diagnostic criteria has noted the relative lack of use and lack of research pertinent to the instrument. A critique and assessment of the criteria reveal major conceptual, methodological, psychometric and utilitarian problems. This may well explain why the instrument has received relatively little attention. Although the document (1) presents a legitimate diagnostic approach, it is narrow in scope and severely limited in applicability. Other diagnostic instruments exist which accomplish the same diagnostic task as the NCA diagnostic criteria, but in addition have more desirable psychometric qualities and are more utilitarian. Finally, more sophisticated methodologies, with the requisite psychometric and conceptual flexibility to deal with the data, have been developed, which render the NCA diagnostic criteria obsolete.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1978

Comparative staff values on the community mental health ideology scale.

The community mental health ideologies of groups composed of profession and nonprofessional mental health service providers were measured by use of the Baker-Schulberg Community Mental Health Ideology (CMHI) Scale. The study was designed to: (1) compare current CMHI scores with the original criterion scores of mental health workers, (2) compare CMHI scores of mental health workers from different disciplines who work in the same community mental health setting, and (3) measure CMHI scores for previously nonreported workers, ministers, and board and care operators. Results of the present study indicate that CMHI scores had not changed from the criterion scores over a series of studies, and that score consistency is such that the scale appears to be a reliable discriminatory tool. Contrary to previously reported findings, psychiatrists scored as high as other mental health professionals in the system, and no significant difference was found between disciplines within the professional group. The paraprofessional group, however, ranked significantly lower than the professional group. Clerical and administrative staff, and board and care operators had CMHI scores that were significantly lower than all other study groups. Interestingly, the minister group had a mean score higher than all other groups studied. Our findings suggest that the CMHI Scale differentiates, not only between disciplines of mental health workers who work in the same setting, but also between groups of human services providers in the community.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗