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Biomedical subjects

E Müller

Publications and source records attributed to E Müller.

663 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
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Paramagnetic changes in pulmonary tumors.

Electron spin resonance studies on healthy and tumorous human lung samples have been conducted in order to determine possible differences in free radical concentration and shaped of the spectra between the different sections of the lung. It could be shown that in healthy lung tissue the signal caused by the semidehydroascorbate (SDA) radical is not prominent because of the prevailing high partial oxygen pressure. On formation of a tumor, the spin concentration increases, possibly due to the higher metabolic rate; here, the SDA peak is also more pronounced which indicates alterations in the interaction between cell constituents and ascorbic acid. Within the tumor, the spin concentration is considerably reduced which is probably caused by a still higher concentration of ascorbic acid. Addition of ascorbic acid to the different lung specimens enhanced the just described effect while oxidizing substances, such as H2O2, reversed it.

Dehydroascorbic Acid↗
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[Lethal child abuse (through the use of physical force) in the German Democratic Republic during the period 1 January 1985 to 2 October 1990. Results of a multicenter study].

UNLABELLED: No reliable data are available on cases of lethal child abuse (by active force) in the area of the former German Democratic Republic. In a multicenter study we therefore examined the police and court records for such cases occurring in the period 1 January 1985 to 2 October 1990 in the entire area of the former German Democratic Republic. RESULTS: The study center received information on 39 cases of lethal child abuse which correspond to approximately 7 cases per year. However, a low percentage of undetected crimes which cannot be determined more precisely has to be taken into consideration. Almost 40% of the victims were younger than 1 year, 73% of the victims showed indications of repeated ill-treatment. The effects caused by using direct blunt forces, against the head in particular, were by far the most frequent causes of death. The male contact person (the victim's father, brother or stepfather as well as the life companion of the child's mother in particular) killed the child in most of the cases. As far as it is known, 37% of the male/female offenders suffered from chronic alcoholism; 32% of the male/female offenders were under the influence of alcohol when the crime happened. 83% of the male/female offenders who were found guilty made a confession shortly after the crime had happened or during the interrogations. Almost all the male/female offenders were sentenced to prison (the duration of the imprisonment varied between one year and for life). Due to the considerably lower section rate compared to the one in the German Democratic Republic, it is to fear that each second fatal child abuse is not detected in the new federal states.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Direct detection of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae in the lungs of swine].

By means of cultural examination, coagglutination test (CT) and indirect fluorescent-antibody-technique (IFAT) a total of 199 lung specimens from necropsy pigs from Northwestern Germany with symptoms of pleuropneumonia was examined for Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae (AP). The CT was used to detect type specific antigens in lung extracts and the IFAT was performed on tissue sections. Both tests were found to be specific. Detection and identification of AP by either test were successful in 68 of 199 lung specimens. AP was isolated out of 40 lungs, antigen detection by CT was successful in 40 and by IFAT in 65 lung samples. In 26.5% of the positive samples AP was demonstrated only by IFAT. In 4.4% of the positive specimens AP was demonstrated only by cultural examination, but the detected serovars were not accounted in IFAT and CT. In 44.1% of the positive specimens AP was isolated or detected by all three techniques. The predominating serovar was serovar 9 followed by 2 and 7. One field isolate could be identified as serovar 3 and another one as serovar 10. Furthermore one isolate was untypable. IFAT and CT were limited for detection of serovars 2, 7 and 9. Detection of multiple serovars in few lung samples was successful only by IFAT. Indirect fluorescent-antibody-technique was found to be more sensitive than coagglutination test and cultural examination. On the other hand CT was found to be less time consuming and easier to evaluate than other tests. By this, coagglutination test seems to be preferable in examining large numbers of lung samples.

Actinobacillus↗
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[Pathogenesis and clinical aspects of stroke].

The pathogenesis of brain infarctions, intracerebral hematomas and subarachnoidal hemorrhages is described. It is believed that defects in microcirculation are important factors in the development of brain infarctions, whereas hypertension and microaneurysms or vascular malformations are sources of intracerebral hematomas and subarachnoidal hemorrhages. Detection and differential diagnosis are presented from clinical aspects. Possibilities and limits of laboratory methods, especially CCT, are emphasized.

Aged↗
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[Lacunar cerebral infarcts].

Lacunes are small infarcts in the deep structures of the cerebral hemispheres and in the brain stem. They account for approximately 20 percent of all ischemic strokes, and usually occur in patients with chronic hypertension. The well-defined vascular changes and clinical pictures are described, as well as the principles of diagnosis and therapeutical management.

Aged↗
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[Neurology in the elderly].

Possibilities and limits of neurology in the elderly are presented. Normal ageing processes of the brain, the possible interactions with extra- and intracerebral processes and reactions are discussed. Special attention is paid to the great variability of all clinical findings in the elderly, the difficulties of their interpretation, the always present polypathy, the doubtful so-called specific findings in old people. Instead of trying to diagnose doubtful neurological diseases of old age, it is recommended to respect anamnesis, clinical and technical findings (as EEG, digital subtraction angiography, computerized tomography) and to appoint them to the syndromes which may appear in a whole lot of different combinations of symptoms. From this approach a better therapeutical success is expected.

Aged↗
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[Diagnosis and therapy of cerebrovascular ischemia].

The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of complete and focal cerebral ischemia are described. Special attention is paid to the recognition of TIA's, the non-invasive diagnostic possibilities (Doppler ultrasonic imaging, digital subtraction angiography, cranial computerized tomography), the medicamentous and surgical prevention of stroke. Cranial computerized tomography is important for the differential diagnosis of cerebral ischemia/cerebral hemorrhage. The pray and rehabilitation of patients with stroke are discussed. The possibilities of pharmacotherapy are critically reviewed.

Aged↗
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[The cardiovascular system and cerebrovascular disorders in the elderly with special reference to pacemaker therapy].

Elderly patients are problem patients, especially as far as the selection of the best therapy is concerned. The reduction of cerebral efficiency is caused by a reduced metabolism and blood circulation of the brain. Extracerebral disturbing factors comprise obstructions of the vascular system, disturbances of the pumping action of the heart, changes of blood pressure and a lack of substrates. The symptoms are of a great variety, they may occur in a slowly progressive or an acute form. The pacemaker treatment shows the close connection between diseases of heart and circulation and the cerebral vascular circulation. This treatment improves the contraction of the heart, but it also causes an improvement of the cerebral vascular situation, especially in patients with chronical bradycardiac arrhythmias, demonstrated by a series of EEG investigations and clinical controls. New methods of "physiological" heart stimulations are important in patients having cerebralsclerotic disturbances, whereby the collaboration between cardiologists and neurologists should be intensified.

Aged↗
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Interaction of retinoic acid and interferon-alpha in breast cancer cell lines.

Retinoids and Interferons have been demonstrated to synergistically amplify the inhibition of proliferation in cultured breast cancer cells. Recently we reported that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) modulates the action of retinoic acid (RA): IFN-gamma increased expression of retinoic acid receptor-gamma (RAR-gamma) and suppressed the increase of retinoic acid binding protein type II (CRABP-II) expression. To improve the understanding of mechanism mediating synergism we extended our studies to the type I interferon-alpha. Synergistic inhibition of proliferation could be detected also by IFN-alpha and RA in BT-20 and SKBR-3 breast cancer cell lines but not in MCF-7 cells. Neither IFN-alpha nor any retinoid tested alone were able to increase RAR-gamma message, only the combination of both had this ability. In MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines the combination of any retinoid with IFN-alpha increased CRABP II expression level compared with the retinoids alone. In contrast with SKBR-3 and BT-20 cells a combination of ATRA with IFN-alpha markedly reduced ATRA mediated CRABP II induction. These results suggest that two factors may be responsible for synergistic action of RA and IFN-alpha: the inhibition of the CRABP II expression and an IFN-alpha/RA mediated upregulation of RAR-gamma.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
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Servoregulation of centrifugal pumps. A new technical approach to improve patient safety during long-term extracorporeal life support.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the principle technical requirements to servoregulate a centrifugal pump (Bio-Pump) and to discuss the potential risks and benefits of the potential use of such a device during long-term extra-corporeal support in an experimental laboratory study. A pressure control module (PCM) for the Bio-Pump was developed and a pressure measurement chamber to indirectly measure pressure in the venous limb of an extracorporeal circuit was constructed. The performance of the PCM combined with the pressure measurement chamber was evaluated in an experimental test circuit by recording pressure changes after sudden clamping of the venous line with and without servoregulation. Without the PCM pressure dropped from baseline to approximately -200 mm Hg after clamping and remained at that level. With the PCM active the pump speed was automatically and immediately reduced and the preclamping pressure level (+/- 10 percent) was restored within 500 msec. In this laboratory setting the Bio-Pump could effectively and rapidly be servoregulated with a conventional controller and an indirect pressure monitoring system. A potential clinical use of this system could help to improve the safety without imposing additional risks such as air embolism or backflow.

Centrifugation↗