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Biomedical subjects

E Mallet

Publications and source records attributed to E Mallet.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Peritonitis as a first manifestation of Neisseria type C meningitis].

A 15-year-old boy was first referred for a clinical presentation of revealed peritonitis. Abdominal endoscopy showed normal appendix but the presence of purulent peritoneal fluid. Antibiotics were immediately administered. Ten hours later clinical signs of meningitis occurred, and lumbar puncture was performed. CSF bacterial meningitis characteristics were present but no bacteria was observed. However Neisseria meningitidis type C was detected by direct peritoneal fluid examination and by 24(th) hour blood culture. Peritoneal and the CSF fluid culture were negative, but DNA analysis from peritoneal fluid was positive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Ensuring good governance to address emerging and re-emerging animal disease threats: supporting the veterinary services of developing countries to meet OIE international standards on quality.

As an effect of increased globalisation, animal diseases, in particular those transmissible to man, have an immediate global economic and social impact. This fact, dramatically illustrated by the current avian influenza epizootic in South-East Asia and Eastern Europe, clearly demonstrates the crucial importance of the national Veterinary Services (VS) for the prevention, early detection and response for the efficient control of animal diseases. Complying with this mission for the VS presupposes the existence of appropriate governance and legislation and of an official system to control their quality and reliability- an obvious weakness in many developing and in transition countries. The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) has therefore developed a project aiming at strengthening the VS in those countries facing the greatest animal health threats and to bring them into line with OIE international standards already adopted by the same countries. Based on the evaluation of the VS and subsequent actions at the global, regional and national levels, the project will have a significant beneficial impact on the targeted countries as well as the international community as a whole, not only in the fields of agriculture, food security and production, and food safety, but also for the local and global prevention of emerging and re-emerging diseases of veterinary and public health importance. The project will be implemented in strong collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization. The actions proposed must be considered eligible for the concept of International Public Good.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed2005

[Calcium and D vitamin status in toddlers: original study performed in the area of Rouen].

Few data are available regarding calcium and vitamin D intake in toddlers, despite a remaining high growth velocity. Therefore, a study was carried out in the Rouen geographical area where the sunshine is limited. It appears that a great majority of the children studied (9/10) received plain milk, and subsequently only small quantities of vitamin D or calcium enriched milk. Nevertheless, 12% of primarily 4 to 6 year-old children do not received daily minimum requirements, and 6% of them had vitamin D insufficiency, which was demonstrated by 25OHD plasma concentrations. These concentrations declined from 18 months to 6 years old were related to discontinuation in vitamin D supplements. A great variability was observed in vitamin D supplementation as no official recommendations were followed. Modalities of this supplementation should be reconsidered.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Rickets].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2004

[Symptomatic rickets in adolescents].

Although systematic vitamin D supplementation in adolescents remains debated, rickets is nevertheless a well recognized pathology in this age group. Adolescence is an at-risk period because of rapid growth, insufficient calcium intake and/or vitamin D status. Surveys have shown that calcium intake is insufficient (< 1000 mg a day) in 45% of boys and 71% of girls and that vitamin D status is deficient (25-OH-D < 10 ng/ml). The aims of the study carried out by the Calcium Group of the Société Française de Pédiatrie, were to evaluate the frequency of rickets, and to define the criteria for the adolescent population at risk. Forty-one adolescents with rickets were hospitalized between 1985 and 2000. Most of the cases were from the Northern France: 20 from Paris and suburbs, eight from the North-West, four from the North, four from the North-East; five were from the Center of France. The mean age was 13 years and two months for the 28 girls, and 14 years and four months for the 13 boys. Eighty per cent of the adolescents were from immigrant families (33/41): 15 were from sub-Saharan Africa, ten from North Africa, six from Pakistan and two from Turkey. Two thirds of the adolescents were hospitalized in the 2nd quarter of the year. Some adolescents suffered from lower limb pain, 16 had deformations of lower limbs, particularly genu valgum, associated with pain; seven others had either muscle spasms (4), tetany (3). Serum calcium level was low (average 1.84 mmol/l: [1.1-2.5]), and serum 25-OH D level was extremely low. Radiographic characteristics observed were metaphyseal strips on the knees, with condensed edges at times, with the presence of bone demineralization. The treatment combined calcium and vitamin D, and was often administered intravenously when a hypocalcemia was detected. Rickets is not frequent in adolescents, but nonetheless this pathology is not exceptional, and the number of cases is probably under-estimated. Rickets affects immigrant adolescents in particular but nevertheless could also present a certain risk period for the general population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Evaluation of varicella complications through a retrospective hospital survey in a paediatric center over 16 years in France].

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the varicella severity through a prevalence study of hospital admissions justified by a complication directly related to the onset of an acute episode of varicella. METHODS: Retrospective study in one paediatric center in France with a follow-up of a paediatric cohort from April 1987 to December 2002. This general paediatric hospital recruits children from a 400,000 inhabitants area. Inclusion criterion: diagnosis main or associated of varicella. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: congenital or acquired immunodepression, including long-term oral high dosage steroid therapy. RESULTS: Three hundred and forty-three (343) complications of varicella were reported in 309 children hospitalised for a symptom in relationship with varicella. Most of children (75%) were <2 years of age. The annual number of hospitalisations varied with a maximum of 44. An increase of the number of hospitalisations was reported since 1997 but particularly since 2000. Main complications were gastro-intestinal (75), neurological (68), bronchopulmonary (52), and skin and soft tissue infections (52). Superinfections of soft tissues such as Streptococcus pyogenes cellulitis and life-threatening complications, which occurred in children treated by a short-course of corticosteroïds for an acute episode such as an asthma crisis, were mostly noticed since 1995. Two deaths occurred. CONCLUSION: These data collected over 16 years as part of a retrospective survey of a paediatric cohort show that varicella, often considered as a mild disease, can be responsible for severe complications in young immunocompetent children. The digestive complications (30%) are the main complication in our study with existence of gingivitis-stomatitis but also lower digestive manifestations (erosive gastritis aspect through endoscopy). These data have all the more to be taken into account because a vaccine, developed for healthy children, is now available in France. A national survey of hospitalised varicella has been set up since March 2003.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis of the mandible. A case report].

UNLABELLED: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a disorder rarely localized to the lower jaw. CASE REPORT: A fourteen-year-old boy complained of a swollen of his lower jaw. After a CT Scan, a bone biopsy was performed and yielded S. oralis against which an adapted intravenous antibiotherapy was administered without efficacy. The absence of malignant process and the revelation of an other focus of fixation at the Tc bone scan localized on humerus called to mind the diagnosis of CRMO. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of this disease is difficult and based on a number of concording arguments:clinical and radiological signs of osteomyelitis, multifocal presentation, recurrent relapses and remissions, inaction of antibiotics, elimination of the other differential diagnosis, in particular the infectious osteitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Severe cutaneous Streptococcus pyogenes infections in the child: results of a multicenter survey].

UNLABELLED: To assess pediatric cases of severe cutaneous infections due to Streptococcus pyogenes. Since the beginning of 1980, the incidence of cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis due to S. pyogenes has increased in adults. Serotyping of obtained isolates are in most cases M1, M3 or M5 protein. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A retrospective (1990-2000) survey was carried out in pediatric hospital centers. RESULTS: Three cases of necrotizing fasciitis and 15 of cellulitis were observed. In 30% of the cases, vancella lesions were associated; in the other cases, minor wounds were the site of the infection. Bacteriologic diagnosis was made by local samples in 14 cases; blood cultures were positive in four cases. In 11 cases, initial intravenous treatment consisted of third generation cephalosporin, in six cases of penicillin M or G and in one case of fusidic acid. In the second time, penicillin M was perfused in the majority of the cases. Mean duration of intravenous antibiotics perfusion was 15 days. There were no sequelae or death in this survey. CONCLUSIONS: Despite this study had limited epidemiological characteristics, it confirms that these two infections are rare. The frequency is probably underestimated, due to the difficulty in performing a diagnosis. The major site of infection was the varicella lesion. These two infections are so similar that it is frequent to mistake one infection for the other. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and site of infections did not influence prognosis. The treatment of cellulitis is penicillinotherapy whereas in necrotizing fasciitis early major surgery is often correlated with the rate of survival.

Cellulitis↗
PubMed2001

[Chronic cough, asthma and allergy].

The medical approach of chronic cough suffers from the lack of a standardised definition. The most frequently encountered criterion is a recurrent cough observed during several consecutive months, each episode lasting at least 1 week. The link between recurrent cough and asthma is still discussed. Cough-related asthma diagnosis is facilitated when wheezing is clearly confirmed, or may be reminded by a nonproductive middle night cough, or an exercise-triggered cough, or the presence of personal or familial atopy. Conversely, an early morning and productive cough associated with tobacco exposure do not suggest asthma.

Asthma↗
PubMed2001

Inhalation treatment: errors in application and difficulties in acceptance of the devices are frequent in wheezy infants and young children.

The recent availability of small-volume spacers has facilitated the general use of inhaled treatment in infants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate any errors made by parents when using this new inhalation technique and the child's behavior during the inhalation. Ninety-four young children (61% boys) under 5 years of age were enrolled in the study. Inhalation treatment was recommended either by a general practitioner or by a pediatrician. Data concerning treatment regimens, the ability of parents to use the spacer and metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), and the acceptance of the devices, were collected by means of a demonstration and questionnaire. Unexpectedly, the doses, administration times, and duration of the treatments varied from one child to the next. No explanation or training in administering the treatment via the spacers was given to 12% and 47% of the parents, respectively. Fourteen per cent of parents did not shake the MDIs, 12% did not monitor the valves, and 22% allowed too short a time for inhalation. The lack of explanation increased the occurrence of errors in manipulation of the devices. The procedure was judged to be easy to follow by 78% of the parents, but the face mask was accepted with difficulty by 22% of the children. Repeated crying during administration of the treatment was observed in 38% of the patients, particularly the youngest. Crying influenced the acceptance of the face mask, reduced parental compliance, and made the use of the devices more difficult. Errors altering the efficiency of inhalation treatment in infants are frequent. Most of these errors could be avoided by spending more time to inform the parents about correct usage. Furthermore, repeated crying during inhalation is common in young children and this problem should to be taken into consideration in the evaluation of treatment.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2000

Developmental changes in cardio-respiratory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in anesthetized low-birth-weight rats.

The present study compared the developmental changes in the cardio-respiratory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia between full-term low-birth-weight (LBW) and control rats during the postnatal period. The heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (fR) and amplitude (aR) were measured during hypoxia (10% O(2) for 10 min) and hypercapnia (5% CO(2) for 10 min) in rats aged 7, 14 and 21 days, anesthetized with urethane. During hypoxia, HR was not significantly modified in the younger rats of both groups. In the older rats, aged 14 and 21 days, HR was markedly diminished, with a more pronounced decrease in LBW rats. The HR recovery was never observed in the older LBW rats. The fR and aR showed an age-related increase in both groups: a biphasic fR pattern observed on day 7 was replaced by a sustained increase on days 14 and 21. In contrast to controls, LBW rats never displayed a fR recovery during reoxygenation. In controls, aR shifted from a biphasic pattern in the younger rats to a sustained increase in the older ones. The LBW rats only displayed a decrease of aR in the younger, while in the older ones, a transient and slight increase preceded this decrease. During hypercapnia, the only significant difference detected between these two groups was that aR increased in LBW rats to a greater extent than in controls on days 14 and 21. Altogether, our results revealed a markedly attenuated cardio-respiratory response to hypoxia in LBW rats, but no such effect in response to hypercapnia.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed2000

[Lyme disease in Upper Normandy: report of a hospital survey].

This study presents the results of a hospital survey on Lyme disease in children living in upper Normandy, a region that is quite densely wooded (with 18% forest areas and woods). The aim of this survey was to assess the prevalence of this disease in children from the Seine-Maritime and L'Eure, hospitalized in pediatric wards in the Seine-Maritime department, which includes Rouen, Dieppe, Fécamp, Elbeuf, and Le Havre. Fifteen cases of Lyme disease were diagnosed between September 1988 and June 1997. The children (6 girls and 9 boys) were aged between 5 and 14 years old. Only 7 subjects showed primary symptoms, while secondary symptoms were observed in 12 children. In the study population, a high prevalence (11 out of the 15 children) of neurological disorders was found. The following secondary symptoms were noted: 5 cases of erythema migrans, 2 cases of non-malignant cutaneous lymphocytoma, and 4 cases which in fact had previously displayed primary clinical signs (3 subjects with erythema migrans and 1 subject with non-malignant cutaneous lymphocytoma); 7 cases of uni- or bilateral facial paralysis, the most frequent neurological manifestation with or without lymphocytic meningitis; 1 case of central vestibular syndrome with a hyperalgesic meningoradicular reaction in the vicinity of the tick bite; 1 case of peripheral radicular involvement and intense pain in the left lower limb; 4 cases of ocular disorders (3 diplopias, 1 bilateral conjunctivitis complicated by kerato-uveitis, 1 bilateral complete cecitis). Only 10 child had rheumatological symptoms, i.e., Lyme arthritis of the right knee. Treatment consisted of amoxicillin (10 children) administered at a dosage of 50 to 100 mg/kg/d over a period ranging from 10 days to 1 month, or ceftriaxone (7 children) at a dosage of 50 to 100 mg/kg/d administered intravenously over a period ranging from 8 days to 3 weeks. Two of the children received combined antibiotic therapy, and 5 subjects had adjunct corticotherapy.

Adolescent↗