Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Mankiewicz.
A sporotrichoid-like Mycobacterium kansasii infection of the skin is reported. This is the fifth reported case in the English literature of dermatological manifestations of a M. kansasii infection and the first reported case of a response to minocycline hydrochloride therapy.
Slow growing strains of mycobacteria isolated from leprous tissues present a characteristic resistance pattern to antibacterial agents that is comparable to drug sensitivity of M. leprae in man.
Nineteen substrains of Mycobacterium bovis, strain bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) used in laboratories throughout the world for the preparation of BCG vaccines were phage-typed with a battery of mycobacteriophages. The results revealed differences in their susceptibility to phage lysis that allow subdivision of these strains of BCG into two or more phage types.
The phage type of each of 3 colonies selected at random from cultures of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from 233 Eskimo patients was determined. In 33 cultures, colonies of different phage types were observed. In 22 cases, the differences in phage types paralleled differences in drug susceptibility of the bacteria. A comparative study with cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from while patients did not reveal differences in phage types among 3 colonies from the same culture. This observation suggests that some of the numerous reactivations of the disease in Eskimo patients may be due to exogenous reinfections.
The ability of lytic mycobacteriophages to subdivide the species Mycobacterium tuberculosis reliably has been studied using a series of 100 strains isolated from cases of tuberculosis in the Netherlands. Techniques for the propagation and application of the viruses have been standardized, as have the conditions for growth and preparation of bacterial strains. On the basis of lytic results with 11 mycobacteriophages, it is proposed that the species Mycobacterium tuverculosis may be subdivided into at least 3 major phage types, A, B, and C, and into 2 subjects, Ax and A2. The reliability of the individual bacteriophage lytic result has been assessed, and the relationship between phage reliability and the degree of certainty with which a strain may be assigned to a phage type is described. The effect of rigorous standardization of techniques on the reliability of bacteriphage typing is demonstrated, and a standard protocol is proposed.
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Although phage-typing of some pathogenic microbes-e.g., Escherichia coli and the genera Salmonella, Staphylococcus, and Streptomyces-is in routine use, little progress has yet been made in the phage-typing of mycobacteria, chiefly because mycobacteriophages possess a polyvalence that prevents the reliable identification of individual species of mycobacterium. Furthermore, laboratories cannot compare their results because they employ different methods and culture media and also because the phages used cannot be accurately identified. It has been shown that internationally reproducible results can be obtained for M. tuberculosis by selecting suitable mycobacteriophages and sensitive culture media, and by using a standardized technique of phage-typing. Under these conditions, phage lysis may be utilized to classify strains of M. tuberculosis.
Cultures of leukocytes from patients with sarcoidosis were stimulated with Kveim antigen or PPD-S and the macrophage reactions were compared with those obtained under similar conditions with leukocyte cultures from healthy tuberculin reactors. The non-stimulated control cultures of Kveim-positive sarcoid patients showed signs of macrophage activation, namely an increase in cytoplasmic pyroninophilia in small and enlarged macrophages, together with a higher than normal rate of lymphoblast transformation. In the presence of Kveim antigen this activation was more marked, even in cases where the blast response to the antigen was of low magnitude. Stimulation with tuberculoproteins produced a slight activation of macrophages only in cultures from Kveim reactors who had also shown positive tuberculin reactions.These observations suggest that the study of lymphocyte transformation together with that of macrophage activation will improve the immunocytological assessment of sarcoidosis.
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One hundred consecutive patients suspected of having sarcoidosis were examined by means of available diagnostic procedures and the results of the examinations were compared. While Kveim tests and/or lymphocyte transformation tests gave the most significant results in cases of less than two years' standing, a combination of these and organ biopsies is required for the diagnosis of cases of more than two years' duration.An interpretation of the immunological deviations observed in sarcoidosis is attempted on the basis of observations made on leukocyte cultures and on isolations of mycobacteriophages from patients with sarcoidosis.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.