PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Marchi

Publications and source records attributed to E Marchi.

78 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Identification and control of workers that pose a risk to others in the health field].

BACKGROUND: Working in health care increases the probability that an impaired worker be hazardous for third persons. METHODS: A literature review concerning identification, intervention, and treatment of hazardous health care workers is here reported. RESULTS: Published reports of health care worker-to-patient transmission of bloodborne infections, and papers concerning the so-called "impaired physician", have been reviewed. DISCUSSION: According to European directives on workers' health and safety, the occupational health physician charged of medical surveillance of hospital workers is often mandated to manage impaired professionals. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies for early identification, treatment and rehabilitation of impaired physicians are reviewed and suggestions for preventive action are given.

Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Low molecular weight heparin restores antithrombin III activity from hyperglycemia induced alterations.

Alteration of antithrombin III (ATIII) activity, glycemia level dependent, exists in diabetes mellitus. In this study the ability of a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (Fluxum, Alfa-Wassermann S.p.A., Bologna, Italy), as well as unfractioned héparin, to preserve ATIII activity from glucose-induced alterations, both in vitro and in vivo, is reported. The subcutaneous and intravenous LMWH and heparin administration increases basal depressed ATIII activity in diabetic patients. Heparin shows an equivalent effect on both anti-IIa and anti-Xa activity of ATIII, while LMWH is more effective in preserving the anti-Xa activity. Similarity, heparin preserves ATIII activity from hyperglycemia-induced alterations, during hyperglycemic clamp, and LMWH infusion is able to preserve a significant amount of anti-Xa activity from glucose-induced alterations. Since diabetic patients show a high incidence of thrombotic accidents, LMWH appears to be a promising innovation for the prevention of diabetic thrombophylia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impaired fibrinolytic response to increased thrombin activation in type 1 diabetes mellitus: effects of the glycosaminoglycan sulodexide.

Data on fibrinolysis in diabetes mellitus are still unclear, as is the role of hyperglycaemia on this topic and the possibility of any therapeutic intervention. In this study we examined fibrinopeptide A, tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor plasma levels in Type 1 diabetic patients compared to matched healthy normal controls, and the effect of induced hyperglycaemia on these parameters. At the same time the effect of a glycosaminoglycan, Sulodexide, administration during hyperglycaemia was evaluated. Fibrinopeptide A and plasminogen activator inhibitor were increased while tissue plasminogen activator was decreased in Type 1 diabetic patients, in the basal state. Induced hyperglycaemia increases fibrinopeptide A formation and tissue plasminogen activator concentrations, while it decreases plasminogen activator inhibitor levels more in normal subjects than in diabetic patients. Sulodexide consistently reduces this phenomenon. This study shows an altered fibrinolytic response to increased thrombin activation in Type 1 diabetic patients and suggests that the administration of the glycosaminoglycan, Sulodexide, may help to reduce this phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Capillary electrophoresis in court: the landmark decision of the People of Tennessee versus Ware.

Capillary electrophoresis is a versatile and emerging technique. In the fields of law and science, history has been made with the admissibility of CE as a method to evaluate evidence. The extremely low sample requirements, high separation efficiencies, and excellent resolution allow for quantitative techniques from extracted and amplified mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which was presented as evidence from hair shafts in the case of The People of Tennessee versus Paul Ware (Tennessee v. Ware). This paper discusses the history of the admissibility of scientific evidence. In 1993, the United States Supreme Court Justices rewrote the rules for admission of scientific evidence under the Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE) in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Daubert) (509 U.S. 597). After rejecting the longstanding requirements under Frye v. United States (Frye), 293 F.1013 (1923), which focused on the conclusions obtained rather than the methodologies employed, Daubert went further in establishing a liberal policy in the FRE favoring the District Court judges to act as gatekeepers, thus admitting well-grounded scientific evidence. Later this year, the Supreme Court will once again review the issue of how the decisions reached in trial courts should be treated by reviewing courts. CE has demonstrated its ability to meet the requisite scientific standards in the court system. The CE evidence presented in Ware led to a felony conviction.

DNA, Mitochondrial↗