Biomedical subjects

E Mariño

Publications and source records attributed to E Mariño.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Self-reported drug allergy in a general adult Portuguese population.

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of self-reported drug allergy in adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of a general adult population from Porto (all of whom were living with children involved in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood-phase three), during the year 2002, using a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported drug allergy was 7.8% (181/2309): 4.5% to penicillins or other beta-lactams, 1.9% to aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and 1.5% to other drugs. In the group 'allergic to beta-lactams', the most frequently implicated drug was penicillin G or V (76.2%) followed by the association of amoxicillin and clavulanic acids (14.3%). In the group 'allergic to NSAIDs', acetylsalicylic acid (18.2%) and ibuprofen (18.2%) were the most frequently identified drugs, followed by nimesulide and meloxicam. Identification of the exact name of the involved drug was possible in less than one-third of the patients, more often within the NSAID group (59.5%). Women were significantly more likely to claim a drug allergy than men (10.2% vs. 5.3%). The most common manifestations were cutaneous (63.5%), followed by cardiovascular symptoms (35.9%). Most of the reactions were immediate, occurring on the first day of treatment (78.5%). Only half of the patients were submitted to drug allergy investigations. The majority (86.8%) completely avoided the suspected culprit drug thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that self-reported allergy to drugs is highly prevalent and poorly explored. Women seem to be more susceptible. beta-lactams and NSAIDs are the most frequently concerned drugs.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Sequential atomic force microscopy imaging of a spontaneous nanoencapsulation process.

Since hydrophilic matrices were proposed for controlled drug delivery, many polymeric excipients have been studied in order to make drug release fit the desired profiles. It has been pointed out that lambda-carrageenan, a sulphated polymer from algae, can suitably control the release rate of basic drugs from hydrophilic matrices with no need for complex technological processes. In this work, we propose a method to monitor morphologically the interaction between lambda-carrageenan and dexchlorpheniramine maleate (D-CPM), in order to find out how the release profiles can be so easily controlled. To this end, solutions of both polymer and drug were prepared at very low concentration. Solutions were mixed and samples were taken every hour over a period of 20 h. The characterization technique employed, atomic force microscopy (AFM), provides a high resolution, allowing to show the three-dimensional morphology of the samples within the nanometric scale. The results demonstrate that lambda-carrageenan is able to nanoencapsulate spontaneously D-CPM molecules, which offers the possibility to easily control the release rate of the drug. This work has moreover demonstrated the suitability of AFM for the specific case of the on-time monitoring of interaction processes that happen in pharmaceutical systems.

Carrageenan↗

PubMed1988

Imidazole binding to human serum albumin.

Imidazole is a substance released by the organism when a new salicylate derivative, imidazole salicylate is administered. A study was made of the binding of imidazole to human serum albumin by an in vitro assay employing an ultrafiltration technique. For the concentration range that imidazole was found in plasma following administration of the drug to healthy volunteers, the mean binding percentages were: 12.1 +/- 1.8 and 19.7 +/- 3.1 at 37 degrees C and 25 degrees C, respectively. The results obtained in the study follow a model entailing three equal and independent binding sites of imidazole to serum albumin and the values of the corresponding constants were determined. Apparently, the presence in the plasma samples of sodium salicylate at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml does not affect the binding of imidazole to human serum albumin.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

PubMed1987

Efficacy of maintenance of therapeutic serum concentrations of theophylline in chronic asthma.

The efficacy of maintenance theophylline therapy at serum concentrations ranging between 8 and 20 micrograms/ml was studied over a six-month period in a group of 100 outpatients (age range 18-80 years) with chronic asthma. The study was satisfactorily completed by 95 of the individuals. Theophylline therapy led to a progressive disappearance of the patients' clinical signs and symptoms. A significant improvement in pulmonary function was observed in all patients, which was related to the initial degree of airway obstruction. The improvement was more pronounced at the start of treatment. At the end of the study there were still anomalies in the respiratory parameters in those patients who originally showed greater pulmonary compromise (FEV1 less than 50% of the predicted value) which seemed to indicate persistent airway obstruction. However, the improvement shown by these patients was sufficient for them to carry out their normal daily activities. We conclude that controlled long-term therapy with theophylline may be beneficial for outpatients with chronic asthma.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacokinetic aspects of sulfobromophthalein transport after diethyl maleate pretreatment in rats.

The pharmacokinetics of sulfobromophthalein was studied in the rat after depletion of hepatic glutathione levels induced by intraperitoneal administration of diethyl maleate (4.0 mmol/kg). After an intravenous bolus injection of sulphobromophthalein (120 mumol/kg) a biexponential plasma decay was found both in control and diethyl maleate pretreated rats. The initial plasma clearance Cl12 was not modified by diethyl maleate administration. The rate constant of biliary excretion K23 was significantly lowered in diethyl maleate pretreated rats, which could by explained by the change in the biliary excretory process. The cumulative biliary excretion of sulphobromophthalein was decreased by about 50% following diethyl maleate injection, with a reduction of the percentage of conjugated dye excreted into bile.

Animals↗