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Biomedical subjects

E Mariano

Publications and source records attributed to E Mariano.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Assessment of flow velocity reserve by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography and venous adenosine infusion before and after left anterior descending coronary artery stenting.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate whether coronary flow velocity reserve (CFR) (the ratio between hyperemic and baseline peak flow velocity), as measured by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography during adenosine infusion, allows detection of flow changes in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) before and after stenting. BACKGROUND: The immediate post-stenting evaluation of CFR by intracoronary Doppler has shown mixed results, due to reactive hyperemia and microvascular stunning. Noninvasive coronary Doppler echocardiography may be a more reliable measure than intracoronary Doppler. METHODS: Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography during 90-s venous adenosine infusion (140 microg/kg body weight per min) was used to measure CFR of the LAD in 45 patients before and 3.7 +/- 2 days after successful stenting, as well as in 25 subjects with an angiographically normal LAD (control group). RESULTS: Adequate Doppler spectra were obtained in 96% of the patients. Pre-stent CFR was significantly lower in patients than in control subjects (diastolic CFR: 1.45 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.72 +/- 0.71, p < 0.01; systolic CFR: 1.61 +/- 1.02 vs. 2.41 +/- 0.68, p < 0.01) and increased toward the normal range after stenting (diastolic CFR: 2.58 +/- 0.7 vs. 2.72 +/- 0.75, p = NS; systolic CFR: 2.43 +/- 1.01 vs. 2.41 +/- 0.52, p = NS). Diastolic CFR was often damped, suggesting coronary steal in patients with > or =90% versus <90% LAD stenosis (0.86 +/- 0.23 vs. 1.69 +/- 0.43, p < 0.01). Coronary stenting normalized diastolic CFR in these two groups (2.45 +/- 0.77 and 2.64 +/- 0.69, respectively, p = NS), even though impaired diastolic CFR persisted in three of four patients with > or =90% stenosis. Stenosis of the LAD was better discriminated by diastolic (F = 49.30) than systolic (F = 12.20) CFR (both p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Coronary flow reserve, as measured by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, is impaired in LAD disease; it may identify patients with > or =90% stenosis; and it normalizes early after stenting, even in patients with > or =90% stenosis.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1999

Is the Halstead Category Test a multidimensional instrument?

Factor structure of the Halstead Category Test was evaluated in patients with schizophrenia, heterogeneous forms of brain damage, and patient controls using confirmatory factor analysis. Analyses were performed including and excluding subtests 1 and 2. In the first analysis, a three-factor model was optimal, with subtests 1 and 2 loading on one factor (Counting), 3, 4, and 7 loading on a second factor (Spatial Positional Reasoning), and subtests 5 and 6 loading on a third factor (Proportional Reasoning). Excluding subtests 1 and 2, a two-factor solution was optimal consisting of the Spatial Positional (subtests 3 and 4) and Proportional Reasoning (subtests 5 and 6) factors, with subtest 7 loading on both factors. Optimal factor structures for the three groups were identical. Correlations between factor scores were similar among groups. Factor scores also correlated significantly (p <.01 ) with all of the other cognitive measures. It was concluded that the Category Test is a multidimensional procedure with factors associated in a general way with other cognitive abilities.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A team approach to reduce antibiotic costs.

After partial success in reducing antibiotic drug costs by traditional methods (i.e., closed formulary, use of generic drugs, retrospective drug usage review, continuing education), a study of a new "team approach" was implemented. The study involved a clinical pharmacist and physicians working together to select the most appropriate antibiotic therapy. The clinical pharmacist reviewed the culture and sensitivity data and the pattern of infectious disease over the six-month period prior to the initiation of the study and prepared a list of the most appropriate antibiotics based on clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness. He then joined the physicians on morning rounds to monitor therapy and help in the selection of the most appropriate drug regimen. At the end of the study period, antibiotic cost savings of 58.6 percent were achieved.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Abnormalities in offspring associated with prenatal marihuana exposure.

5 newborn infants, whose mothers acknowledged steady use of marihuana prior to and during pregnancies, displayed symptoms of intrauterine growth retardation, neurological problems, and abnormal morphogenesis. These findings fit in with the experimental studies and surveys of pregnant human populations which have indicated that cannabis products have teratogenic potential, though rigorous proof must await further information.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

Monoclonal antibody-defined B cell subsets in aging humans and Down's syndrome.

Peripheral blood from aging and young humans and patients with Down's syndrome, and from age- and sex-matched controls, was studied for the proportions of surface immunoglobulin (SIg+) bearing and monoclonal antibodies FMC1, and FMC7 defined B lymphocytes and B lymphocyte subsets using fluorescent-activated cell sorter. In aging humans, the proportion of SIg+ and FMC1+ (that detect all B lymphocytes) were comparable to simultaneously studied healthy young controls. However, FMC7+ (that detects a subset of B cells) B cells were significantly (p less than 0.05) increased when compared to young subjects. In aging subjects, the proportions of FMC7+ B cells were comparable to their FMC1+ B cells, whereas in young subjects FMC7+ B cells were a subset of FMC1+ B cells. In Down's syndrome, a phenomenon similar to aging humans was observed, that is the proportions of FMC7+ were increased when compared to age- and sex-matched controls and were comparable to their own FMC1+ B cells. This study demonstrates the abnormality of B lymphocytes in human aging and Down's syndrome. The significance of these findings is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Monoclonal antibody defined T cell subsets and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in Down's syndrome.

Peripheral blood from 21 non-institutionalized children with Down's syndrome (DS) and 21 age and sex matched simultaneously studied healthy controls, was analysed for monoclonal antibody defined T cells and T cell subsets, using a fluorescence activated cell sorter, and the autologous (AMLR) and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Total T cells (9.6+), OKT4+ (helper/inducer phenotype) and anti-Tac+ (activated T) cells were present in comparable proportions to that observed in the control group. In contrast, the proportion of OKT8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype) cells were significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased when compared to healthy controls. The proliferative response in the AMLR and MLR were comparable to control group. The significance of these results are discussed.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1982

The value of colposcopy in evaluating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia during pregnancy.

Two hundred eighty-three patients with abnormal Papanicolaou smears of the cervix underwent colposcopic examination during pregnancy. Two hundred fifty-six were biopsied and 27 patients were not. Forty-five patients had cone biopsies done during the postpartum period. Despite previous reports which have shown colposcopy as a safe and accurate method of investigating an abnormal Pap smear during pregnancy, this study advocates colposcopy and biopsy as complementary procedures without serious complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Relationship between amino acid dose and gastric secretory response.

Gastric secretory dose-response studies, using an 8.5% mixed L-amino acid solution as the agonist, were carried out in three dogs with Heidenhain pouches and gastric fistulae. Secretory responses of the Heidenhain pouches were measured during two hour infusions of amino acids given at rates of 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 g/kg/h and plasma amino nitrogen was measured before and during the infusion. Three separate studies at each dose level were made in each dog. The maximum secretory response occurred at the dose of 0.4 g/kg/h and amounted to approximately 20% of the maximal histamine response. Larger doses produced no additional increase in secretion or an actual decrease in secretory rate. It is concluded that the solution of amino acids used acts as a modest gastric agonist and that increases in plasma amino nitrogen such as may be observed after a protein meal are capable of eliciting a slight, but definite, gastric secretory response.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Brief communication: childhood leukemia in a residential small town near Barcelona.

Between March 1991 and May 1995, physicians diagnosed four cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, one case of Hodgkin's disease, and one case of aplastic anemia among children who resided in a small town near Barcelona that contained 4,237 inhabitants. The four cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia represented a significant excess of observed cases (26.4/100,000 for children age 0-14 y [p < .005]). The authors conducted an epidemiological study of the population to explore the possible "local" role of agents hypothesized or known to be potentially associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, as well as with other hematopoietic diseases. The small town in which the cases lived is a residential area without known or suspected industrial exposures associated with leukemia. However, it is located in a county ("Maresme") that boasts having the most flower-growing and agricultural undercover producing area in Catalonia; consequently, copious amounts of herbicides and pesticides are used. The small number of cases limited the testing of the hypothesis of a causal relationship between environmental pesticide exposure or a viral infection (the only factors common to the cases) and the excess of leukemia cases. Despite the weaknesses inherent in our study, the information gleaned from our research may be useful to researchers who define local health-related problems.

Adolescent↗