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E Matthews

Publications and source records attributed to E Matthews.

38 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The H-2 complex regulates both the susceptibility to mouse viral lymphomagenesis and the phenotype of the virus-induced lymphomas.

Neonatal infection of C57BL/10 mice with cloned ecotropic and/or dualtropic mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) mouse leukaemia viruses (MuLV), induces a wide spectrum of different lymphomas of T, B, and non-T/non-B cell types. The H-2 complex has a marked influence on both the development of lymphoma incidence and lymphoma type. A study using the oncogenic MCF 1233 virus and a series of B10 congenic mice enabled the mapping of the following: Resistance to the early development of T cell lymphoma is controlled by the H-2I-A locus. Susceptibility to early T cell lymphomagenesis is associated with an I-A-regulated low anti-MCF 1233 envelope antibody response and persistent infection of the thymus. B10 (H-2b) mice, which are resistant to early T cell lymphomagenesis induced by MCF 1233 or other MuLV isolates, have high anti-MuLV envelope antibody responses which are I-A-regulated. These mice develop more B cell lymphomas late in life in contrast to the early development of T cell lymphoma in B10.A (H-2a) mice. The possible response mechanisms which underlie these observations, including: I-A-regulated immunoselection against MuLV antigens expressed by (pre) leukaemic T cells, aberrant expression of class II MHC antigens on some B cell lymphomas and I-A-regulated chronic immunostimulation of MuLV-expressing (pre) leukaemic B cells, are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effectiveness of one-to-one risk communication interventions in health care: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether risk-communication interventions are associated with changes in patient knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, and to identify aspects of these interventions that modify these effects. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: 96 studies from the period 1985-1996 retrieved by electronic searching of eight databases, hand searching of four journals, contacting key authors, and reference list searching. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effect size of the principal outcome was identified from each study. Outcomes measuring behavioral change were preferred; if these were not available, knowledge, anxiety, or risk perceptions were used, according to the focus of the study. Data were available to calculate the principal effect sizes for 82 of the studies. ANALYSIS: Meta-regression. RESULTS: The methodologic qualities of the studies varied. Nevertheless, risk-communication interventions generally had positive (beneficial) effects. Interventions addressing treatment choices were associated with larger effects than were those in other contexts, such as prevention or screening. Interventions using individual risk estimates were associated with larger effects than were those using more general risk information. Two design variables were identified as effect modifiers: randomized controlled trials were associated with smaller effects than other designs, and dichotomous outcomes were associated with larger effects than continuous outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Risk communication interventions may be most productive if they include individual risk estimates in the discussion between professional and patient. Patient decisions about treatment appear more amenable to change by these interventions than attendance for screening or modification of risky behavior.

Communication↗