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Biomedical subjects

E Mazeman

Publications and source records attributed to E Mazeman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Distribution of gelsolin in human testis.

Gelsolin, an actin-binding and severing protein present in many mammalian cells, was characterized in human testis. Although abundant in testicular extracts, gelsolin was not detected in purified spermatogenic cells by immunoblot analysis. Immunofluorescence studies of testis sections showed that gelsolin has two main localizations: peritubular cells and the seminiferous epithelium. In peritubular cells, gelsolin was present together with alpha-SM actin, in agreement with the myoid cell characteristics of these cells. In a large proportion of the tubules, gelsolin was found mainly, together with actin, in the apical part of the seminiferous epithelium. This localization of gelsolin also was observed in seminiferous tubules with a partial or complete absence of germinal cells, which evokes a presence of gelsolin at the apex of Sertoli cells. However, in normal testis, a complex pattern of gelsolin labeling was also present, mostly in the apical third of the epithelium, around cells or groups of cells, mainly spermatids, and, less frequently, in various other localizations from the apical to the basal part of the seminiferous epithelium. Taken together, these observations suggest that gelsolin may play different functions in the seminiferous epithelium: (1) regulation of the dynamic alterations of the actin cytoskeleton in the apical cytoplasm of Sertoli cells, and (2) modification of actin filaments assemblies in specific structures at germ cell-Sertoli cell contacts. Thereby, the actin-modulating properties of gelsolin are probably involved in reorganization of the seminiferous epithelium related to germ cell differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of the Bard BTA test with voided urine and bladder wash cytology in the diagnosis and management of cancer of the bladder.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the Bard BTA test, a simple latex-agglutination test for cancer of the bladder (BC) that can be performed in less than 3 minutes in the urologist's office, with voided urine or bladder wash cytology in the diagnosis of subjects suspected of having BC on the basis of symptoms or recent abnormal cystoscopy or intravenous urography. METHODS: The study was performed at three medical centers in 414 subjects (147 female and 267 male; mean age 60 years), 345 of whom (83%) had no prior history of BC. The cytologic examinations were performed by pathologists unaware of the results of the BTA test. RESULTS: Cystoscopy or cystoscopy and biopsy revealed BC in 71 subjects (17%). The overall sensitivities of the BTA test and cytology were 70% and 25%, respectively. The specificities of the BTA test and cytology in the 337 subjects without BC were 90% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivities of the BTA test by tumor grade were 17%, 64%, and 92% for grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively; those of cytology were 17%, 14%, and 44%. Regression analysis suggests that tumor grade but no other study variable explains the sensitivity of the BTA test. CONCLUSIONS: The BTA test is considerably more sensitive than cytology in the detection of BC. For urologists who use cytology in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with BC, the BTA test may replace cytology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Imaging of angiomyolipomas.

In this article we review renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) from cases in the world literature and 60 cases from our own institution. We also analyze the role and the place of the various imaging techniques in the detection and diagnosis of AMLs. Discussion is focused on the natural history of this benign neoplasm as an isolated form or as a part of the tuberous sclerosis (TS) complex or as part of a third less certain group of multiple AML without stigmata of TS. We also consider the growth patterns and hemorrhagic risks of AML to help define an approach to the current management of this lesion.

Angiomyolipoma↗
PubMed1997

The diagnostic value of urinary Crosslaps and serum alkaline phosphatase in patients with prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the urinary excretion of Crosslaps and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are useful bone markers in patients with prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 112 patients, comprising 25 with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 87 with carcinoma of the prostate, 41 of whom had localized prostate cancer and 46 with bone metastases. In the last group, 16 were stable and 30 were in clinical progression. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and the bone markers serum bone ALP and urinary Crosslaps were determined on the same day. RESULTS: The rates of excretion of Crosslaps were significantly greater in patients with than in those without bone metastases. Only Crosslaps showed a significant difference between patients with stabilized metastatic disease and those with no bone involvement. Crosslaps had a higher specificity and positive predictive value than had PSA level in patients with bone metastases, and a higher sensitivity than bone ALP. CONCLUSION: These preliminary findings suggest that Crosslaps may be useful as an additional bone marker in patients with prostate cancer and may provide information of the metastatic spread to bone in these patients. Prospective studies with serial measurements of bone markers are currently underway to relate these results to the progression of disease and to evaluate the response to treatment of bone metastases.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Delayed vasovasostomy: experimental study using fibrin glue.

We compare delayed vasectomy reversals performed in rats using fibrin glue combined with 3 transmural sutures or a conventional microsurgical technique. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral vasectomy followed 2 weeks later by bilateral vasovasostomy using fibrin glue or a conventional microsurgical suture technique. Our protocol evaluated fertility rates after a 3-week mating period, sperm granuloma formation, histological changes at the anastomotic site, longitudinal tensile strength and mean testicular weight. The fibrin glue technique required significantly reduced operative time (p < 0.0005) and showed statistically lower tensile strength performance (p < 0.0005). All other parameters showed no statistical difference between the two techniques. Fibrin-glued vasovasostomy is efficient in a delayed protocol and deserves further clinical experience.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Spermatocytic seminoma. Apropos of 4 cases].

The records of 4 patients treated for a spermatocytic seminoma between 1974 and 1993 were reviewed. We described pathological and clinical features of this entity of seminoma which differs from those of classic seminoma. Spermatocytic seminoma is an essentially non metastasizing neoplasm unless complicated by the rare development of a sarcomatous component or metastatic spread.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Study of the effects of thermotherapy in benign prostatic hypertrophy.

UNLABELLED: Prostatic transurethral thermotherapy was evaluated clinically using the Prostcare microwave system of the Bruker Company, which uses a microwave radiometer to measure and control intraprostatic temperature. OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to evaluate the immediate histological lesions induced in the prostatic tissue depending on the temperatures delivered to the prostate; the histological changes when adenectomy is carried out after thermotherapy, and the endoscopic appearance of the prostatic fossa 48 h, and 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after thermotherapy. METHODS: Our study was divided into three stages: in the first stage, we conducted thermotherapy in 10 patients in whom suprapubic adenectomy was indicated. During thermotherapy, a multipoint fiber-optic receptor and two thermocouples were implanted into the prostage gland at a distance of 5-15 mm from the urethra. Adenectomy was carried out 10 min after thermotherapy; the second stage of our study concerned the changes seen over time. We heated adenomas using the same protocol and carried out adenectomy 24, 48, 72 h, and 1 week, 6 weeks and 3 months after thermotherapy, and lastly, we studied the endoscopic appearance after a single heating-session of 30 min by endoscopic controls at different times after thermotherapy (48 h, 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after thermotherapy). RESULTS: Macroscopic appearance: necrotic lesions measured 30 mm in length on average. Necrosis was roughly circumferential. Immediate histological aspect: in all cases, histological examination showed coagulation necrosis with periurethral thromboses. Histological changes: at 8 days, necrosis intensity was maximal and histological structures were difficult to identify. Endoscopic appearance: 3 months after thermotherapy, the typical endoscopic appearance was a large periurethral cavity. There was a sharp demarcation between untreated areas and cicatricial tissue. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of thermotherapy depends on the radiometric temperature, which should reach 47 degrees C (i.e. a temperature of 55-65 degrees C delivered to the prostate), and a rapid increase in temperature, i.e. in the power applied, which should reach the thermal radiometric level of 47 degrees C in 5 min. As soon as necrosis is obtained, the power is automatically reduced. Using this protocol, heating proves effective in 30 min.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Bard BTA test compared with voided urine cytology in the diagnosis of recurrent bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the Bard BTA (bladder tumour antigen) test with voided urine cytology (VUC) in the diagnosis of recurrent bladder cancer (BC). METHODS: Urine specimens for the BTA test and VUC were collected on the same day as before cystoscopy from patients undergoing routine surveillance cystoscopy for recurrent BC. The pathologists performing VUC were blinded to the results of the BTA test. RESULTS: BC was identified by cystoscopy and biopsy in 39 of 164 study participants. The overall sensitivities of the BTA test and VUC were 54 and 28%, respectively (p < 0.05). The BTA test was more sensitive than VUC for all tumour stages and grades. For > or = T2 tumours and grade 3 tumours, respectively, the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The specificities of the BTA test and VUC were 92 and 97%, respectively. Both a false-positive BTA test and VUC were found to predict recurrence. CONCLUSION: The BTA test is equal or superior to VUC in the detection of BC in patients undergoing routine surveillance for recurrent BC.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[The PSA gene: value in detection of circulating prostate cancer cells].

There has been a renewed interest in detection of circulating cancer cells due to the simplicity, specificity and sensitivity of a molecular biology technique: RT-PCR. This detection is based on the concept of specificity of an RNA sequence expressed by a cancer cell. PSA appears to be the ideal marker for circulating prostate cancer cells due to its specificity. The authors review the genes of the kallikrein family and discuss the advantages and difficulties involved in the use of PSA messenger RNA as a marker for circulating prostate cancer cells.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1996

Molecular mapping of a Yq deletion in a patient with normal stature.

The proximal long arm of the Y chromosome probably contains a gene (GCY) involved in stature determination. Recent reports have proposed the critical region extends from interval 4B to interval 5G (or 5E). In the present study, the deletion breakpoint in a male adult patient of normal height with a 46,X,del(Yq) karyotype was defined by the use of sequence-tagged site markers. The breakpoint was found between sY78 (interval 4B) and sY79 (interval 5A). The existence of a normal stature in this patient suggests that the growth determinant is proximal to sY79, therefore probably located in interval 4B or in proximal interval 5A of the Y chromosome.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Delayed vasal reanastomosis in rats: comparison of a microsurgical technique and a fibrin-glued procedure.

OBJECTIVES: To compare fibrin-glued vasovasostomy to a conventional microsurgical technique in a protocol of delayed vasovasostomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral vasectomy through a midline abdominal incision. Two weeks later all animals underwent a bilateral vasectomy reversal through a bilateral inguino-scrotal incision, following two different protocols. Invariably, the proximal segment had a larger lumen. The control group (20 rats) had a conventional modified one-layer sutured vasal anastomosis with 10/0 nylon. The experimental group (20 rats) underwent vasal anastomosis using fibrin glue and consisting of three transmural sutures with 10/0 nylon followed by the application of fibrin glue circumferentially to seal the anastomosis. The fibrin-tissue adhesive was obtained from pooled donor plasma and was virally inactivated by a solvent-detergent treatment. Seven weeks after surgery all animals were killed and the vasal specimens were evaluated for gross patency and the incidence of sperm granuloma. RESULTS: The control group had a patency rate of 85% and half had sperm granuloma. The experimental group had a patency rate of 92% and 40% had sperm granuloma; neither difference was significant. The mean operative time was significantly shorter for the fibrin glue-assisted vasovasostomy (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study showed that a delayed fibrin-glued vasovasostomy gave a comparable anatomical success and an incidence of sperm granuloma similar to that using a conventional microsurgical technique, but with the advantages of a shorter operative time and a less technically demanding anastomosis.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1996

Early versus delayed hormonal therapy in advanced prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To review current thinking on the optimum timing of androgen deprivation in the treatment of patients with advanced prostatic cancer (PCa). INTRODUCTION: Although the beneficial impact of androgen deprivation has been well documented in patients with advanced PCa, a number of questions remain to be answered about the best therapeutic schedule for hormonal therapy. One such important issue is whether androgen deprivation should be introduced at the time of diagnosis or delayed as long as the patient remains asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: For many years urologists have delayed hormonal treatment for patients with advanced PCa, however, this has recently been reassessed. It is now well established that early hormonal treatment significantly delays the onset of disease progression, which may correlate with an improved quality of life. Although several studies indicate that early treatment has a beneficial effect on survival, this has not been definitely proven, and results from further studies are needed before final conclusions can be drawn. However, apart from men wishing to maintain their sexual activity, early androgen deprivation should be proposed in all patients with advanced PCa.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1996

[Malignant mesothelioma of the testicular tunica vaginalis].

Malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis, a rare tumour, affects men over the age of 50 years and presents in the form of a testicular mass. It is rarely suspected preoperatively and the diagnosis is suggested by the presence of numerous nodules in the tunica vaginalis. This tumour has a high metastatic potential and raises the problem of numerous local recurrences. The diagnosis is histological with negative biological markers. Treatment is difficult; the first step must consist of surgery. The indications for radiotherapy have yet to be defined.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Spiral scanners: the key to imaging of kidney injuries].

Whatever the mechanism or extent of other lesions, ultrasonography is essential in evaluating damage to the kidney after abdominal trauma in order to identify renal devascularization, fracture or fragment separation, to recognize the different blood or urine components in perirenal collections, to search for associated or prior lesions, and to obtain a baseline measurement for future follow-up. Progression introduced with spiral scans now provides 3-D images for then entire organ at different times during contrast product diffusion. The corticovascular time is used to analyse the renal pedicle and cortical vascularization; the tubular time is ideal for analysing fractures and dislocations; the calicial or excretory time, together with urography films give information on extravasation of contrast product, the upper tract and the bladder. 3-D images allow reconstructions in all three plans for the different structures, faciliting interpretation. Spiral scan should be available in all emergency centers to guarantee quality management or renal trauma.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

[Moderately severe kidney injuries. Changes in therapeutic indications].

The choice of treatment for moderately severe blunt trauma to the kidney is a controversial issue. Modern imaging techniques, especially computed tomography and more recently 3-D imaging, have greatly improved analysis of the lesions. Ultrasonography and computed tomography allow for precise noninvasive follow-up, widening indications for non-surgical management. The question is raised as to whether retarding surgery may have a consequence on the development of late complications which were long the reason for routine surgical treatment in case of infection, urinary extravasation, large interfragment gaps, or devascularization.

Humans↗