PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E McCarthy

Publications and source records attributed to E McCarthy.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Genetic divergence at the NAD+-dependent malic enzyme locus in Atlantic salmon from Europe and North America

The distribution of genetic variation for NAD+ malic enzyme (ME*) polymorphism in the Atlantic salmon was assessed in both anadromous and resident populations. The analysis revealed a major allelic divergence between North America and Europe. The *80 variant occurred in 39 of 40 North American samples, ranging in frequency from 0 to 0·515. In contrast, it was detected in only three fish from two of the 35 European locations analysed. Eleven fish from two rivers in north-west France had the *110 variant. While heterogeneity among North American populations was significant, no regional differentiation was apparent and anadromous and resident salmon were not found to differ.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Ambulatory and inpatient procedures in the United States, 1994.

OBJECTIVES: This report presents estimates of surgical and nonsurgical procedures performed in the United States during 1994. Data are presented by characteristics of patients, region of the country, and procedure categories for ambulatory and inpatient procedures separately and combined. METHODS: Estimates in this report are based on data collected from the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) and the National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery (NSAS). The NHDS provides data on hospital inpatient care, and the NSAS provides data on ambulatory surgery in hospitals and in freestanding ambulatory surgery centers. For the NHDS, data were collected for approximately 277,000 discharges from 478 non-Federal short-stay hospitals (93 percent response rate). For the NSAS, data were collected for about 118,000 ambulatory surgery discharges from 494 hospitals and freestanding ambulatory surgery centers (80 percent response rate). RESULTS: An estimated 68.4 million procedures were performed on 38.0 million discharges from hospitals and freestanding ambulatory surgery centers during 1994: 40.7 million procedures were for inpatients, and 27.7 million were for ambulatory patients. Females had more procedures than males did and the rate of procedures increased with age in both ambulatory and inpatient settings. The leading procedures for ambulatory surgery patients and inpatients combined were endoscopy of large intestine, arteriography and angiocardiography, endoscopy of small intestine, and extraction of lens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Rapid purification and monitoring of immunoglobulin M from ascites by perfusion ion-exchange chromatography.

A purification and on-line monitoring procedure for IgM was developed. Perfusion ion-exchange chromatography was used for rapid purification of IgM from ascites fluid and hybridoma supernatant. Crude ascites was directly loaded onto an ion exchanger. Due to the complexity of IgM, a two-step ion-exchange procedure had to be developed. This procedure involved a rapid cation-exchange chromatography capture step followed by further purification using anion-exchange chromatography. High linear velocities, in excess of 3500 cm/h, enabled separations to be performed under 5 min. Purity of the final product by SDS-PAGE was shown to be greater than 95%. Furthermore, the antibodies retained biological activity as measured by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and ELISA. The IgM peak was also monitored on-line using a novel peak tracking approach. This involved placing an antibody column (specific to the IgM) prior to the ion-exchange column and operating the ion-exchange column with and without the antibody column in-line. The missing peak that is identified by comparing the two chromatograms indicates where the IgM elutes.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Ossification of the coracoacromial ligament: association with rotator cuff pathology of the shoulder.

The objective of this study was to assess the association of ossification of the coracoacromial ligament (CAL) observed on conventional radiographs with the presence of rotator cuff pathology as demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), arthrography, and/or surgery. Conventional radiographs (internal and external rotation and outlet and axillary views) on eight patients showed ossification of the coracoacromial ligament. Rotator cuff integrity was assessed by physical examination in all 8 patients, by arthrography in 3 patients, and by MRI in 2 patients. Surgery was performed on four of the patients. Physical examination showed impingement findings and decreased rotator cuff strength suggestive of rotator cuff disease in all eight patients. The arthrograms and MRI examinations showed the presence of full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Four of these patients underwent surgery and the rotator cuff defects were confirmed and repaired. Identification of ossification of the CAL on conventional radiographs should be recognized as strongly suggestive of associated significant rotator cuff pathology.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The validity of self-reported HIV antibody test results.

Three hundred twenty-six participants in a multisite study were initially tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody and later interviewed; 228 were recent drug injectors and 38 were HIV positive. Later, 264 (81%) correctly reported their test results, 9 (3%) gave incorrect results, and 53 (16%) said either that they had not been tested or that they did not know the results. The predictive values of positive and negative self-reports were 90% and 98%, respectively (P less than .01).

Bias↗
PubMed1991

Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of ethionamide in serum.

A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was developed to simplify the preparation of human serum prior to high-performance liquid chromatography of ethionamide (ETA). Octadecyl SPE columns were used. Serum constituents were removed from the column with water, and ETA was eluted with methanol. Samples were evaporated to dryness, reconstituted in mobile phase, and assayed. The method is reproducible, with a recovery of ETA of 64%, comparable to the more tedious liquid-liquid extraction method for ETA.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1991

Hospital use by adolescents and young adults.

This article provides a descriptive profile of hospital use by adolescents (10-14 and 15-18 years of age) and young adults (19-24 years) based on the 1987 National Hospital Discharge Survey. During 1987, nearly 5 million adolescents and young adult patients were discharged from short-stay hospitals. The discharge rate for adolescents was 56.5 per 1000 compared to 127.0 per 1000 for young adults. Two diagnostic categories--complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium; and injury and poisoning--together accounted for 24% of discharges for patients aged 10-14 years, 51% for patients aged 15-18 years, and 65% for patients aged 19-24 years. Average length of stay varied substantially by age and diagnosis; that for adolescents averaged 1.1 days longer than that for young adults and for other age groups and was longest for mental disorders. Between 1980-1981 and 1986-1987, the rates of hospitalization for mental disorders increased markedly, particularly among adolescents aged 15-18 years with the diagnoses of adjustment reaction and disturbance of conduct, and psychosis, neurosis, and personality disorders. Hospitalizations for substance abuse increased most among young adults during this time period. Most adolescents and young adults relied on private health insurance as their primary payment source, followed by Medicaid. Still, there was no insurance coverage to pay for hospital bills for 729,000 discharges in 1987. Implications of these findings are discussed. Briefly, examining hospitalization patterns by narrower age intervals elucidates important differences by age, sex, diagnostic category, and expected source of payment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Posttraumatic stress disorder following recent-onset psychosis. An unrecognized postpsychotic syndrome.

Clinical experience with psychotic patients early in the course of their illness suggested that symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may not be uncommon after recovery from an acute psychotic episode. Thirty-six patients recovering from an acute psychotic episode within 2 to 3 years of onset of their illness were assessed as inpatients and followed up on two occasions during the year after discharge. The prevalence of PTSD was found to be 46% at 4 months and 35% at 11 months, measured by a questionnaire linked to DSM-III criteria. The relationships between negative symptomatology and PTSD symptoms and between depressive symptomatology and PTSD symptoms were also examined; a significant correlation was found only for the latter. The psychopathological, preventive, and therapeutic implications of these findings are discussed, and future research strategies are proposed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of ethionamide suppositories.

The absorption and elimination of ethionamide (ETA) after oral tablets and rectal suppositories were determined in 12 healthy, adult male volunteers. A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, crossover design was used. Treatments compared 250-mg ETA tablets and a placebo suppository to a 500-mg ETA suppository and two placebo tablets, given 7 days apart. Blood samples were collected at predetermined intervals for 12 hours after the dose. Serum concentrations of ETA were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The area under the serum concentration-time curve was used to compare the relative bioavailability of ETA from the two preparations. Relative bioavailability after rectal administration was 57.3% of that after oral administration. The maximum serum concentration after rectal administration was 33% of that after oral administration. Higher doses of ETA and serum concentration monitoring are recommended whenever the suppositories are used.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Incremental diagnostic yield of loop electrocardiographic recorders in unexplained syncope.

The Holter monitor, the most frequently used diagnostic test in patients with syncope, is nondiagnostic in over 90% of cases. This study sought to determine the impact of a new noninvasive device, the cardiac loop electrocardiographic (ECG) recorder, after Holter monitoring in 57 patients with unexplained syncope. All patients underwent a standardized evaluation protocol and were the monitor for up to 1 month. In 14 patients, loop recording definitively determined whether an arrhythmia was the cause of symptoms (diagnostic yield 25%; 95% confidence intervals 14 to 38%). Diagnoses included unsuspected ventricular tachycardia (1 patient), high grade atrioventricular block (2 patients), supraventricular tachycardia (1 patient), asystole or junctional bradycardia from neurally mediated syncope (3 patients) and normal cardiac rhythms (the remaining 7 patients). Follow-up of all patients diagnosed as having nonarrhythmic syncope by loop recording showed that none of these patients died suddenly. Cardiac loop ECG recording is an important new diagnostic test in patients with syncope unexplained by Holter monitoring.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗