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Biomedical subjects

E Meurice

Publications and source records attributed to E Meurice.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[The effect of neuroleptics in a attempt at understanding the vulnerability to schizophrenia].

Animal and human data suggest that neuroleptic drugs act by decreasing the special significance of some stimulations, especially those of importance for the subject. The two following hypotheses are therefore considered as a basis for the work presented in this paper: 1) the target of neuroleptic drugs is a neuro-psychological mechanism whose function is to focalize the subject on important stimulations and to involve the subject in responding; 2) schizophrenia vulnerability could imply an excessive and abnormal propensity to be over-involved, especially in existentially loaded problems. A careful clinical study of the mode of decrease, and sometimes of disappearance, of schizophrenic delusions under the influence of neuroleptic treatment confirms the hypotheses. Results are of interest for clinical treatment and for research.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1966

Operant behavior and the galvanic skin potential under DRL schedule.

Motor and galvanic skin potential (GSP) activity were investigated during the conditioning, extinction, and reconditioning of motor responses under a differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL) schedule of reinforcement. Interresponse time (IRT) distributions for motor responses during conditioning and reconditioning gradually stabilized at a peak just beyond the minimal IRT required for reinforcement. Few unreinforced motor responses and "bursts" of motor responses were observed during conditioning and reconditioning. Relative to conditioning and reconditioning, extinction effected larger IRTs and smaller GSP amplitudes. GSP amplitudes were greater for unreinforced than for reinforced motor responses during conditioning and reconditioning. However, GSP amplitudes associated with the unreinforced extinction responses were smaller than either the reinforced or unreinforced responses during conditioning and reconditioning.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Overall results of attempts to treat schizophrenia by hemodialysis. Reflections on the placebo effect in a psychosis].

A review is made of 325 published cases of schizophrenic patients who underwent series of hemodialysis. In 211 cases the series of dialysis were open studies; 49 of these patients (23%) were markedly improved. In 114 other patients the effects of actual and sham dialysis were compared in a double blind experiment. A marked improvement was found in 24 cases (21%). But results of sham and actual hemodialysis did not differ significantly. Hemopurification is therefore not the cause of improvement. The rate of marked improvement is however clearly higher than what one could expect in chronic schizophrenics from a simple placebo effect. The various possible causes for this special effect are discussed. It is proposed that about 20% of schizophrenic patients could favorably react to the strong healing involvement of the psychiatrist, especially when a magic aspect is implied. This should encourage to approach patients not responding to conventional therapy with more optimism and possibly with new methods.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Therapeutic trials in schizophrenia with dialysis. State of the art and one case study (author's transl)].

The literature reveals 184 cases of chronic schizophrenia treated with dialysis, of which 51 with a good result. Success seems more frequent in women. Methodologies are often not well controlled, with poor clinical description. No confirmation of endorphin secretion can be found. However, positive results in some centers should stimulate more researches. Retrospective studies of available cases should be done to determine characteristics of responders. We have elaborated a questionnaire to select such responder patients and design controlled or cross-over studies. A placebo effect is possible in light of the magic and suggestive impact of such procedure. A mean aged 27 years, delusional for 9 years despite high doses of neuroleptics, was not helped by dialysis.

Adult↗