Biomedical subjects

E Mollard

Publications and source records attributed to E Mollard.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1997

Study and course of the psychological profile in 77 patients expressing panic disorder with agoraphobia after cognitive behaviour therapy with or without buspirone.

BACKGROUND: The change of psychopathological dimensions during treatment of panic disorder is attracting increasing interest. METHODS: A population of subjects experiencing panic disorder with agoraphobia is evaluated with the French version of the factor structure of the Symptom Checklist 90 R (SCL 90 R). Two groups of patients are compared: a group receiving cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) combined with buspirone and a group receiving cognitive behaviour therapy combined with placebo. RESULTS: Comparative analysis of pre- and post-test changes between both groups completing treatment showed that the combination cognitive behaviour therapy plus buspirone provided better results than those in patients who had received cognitive behaviour therapy plus placebo. This difference between treatments did not persist at the 1-year follow-up, since, while results had been effectively maintained in the CBT plus buspirone group, the CBT plus placebo group continued to improve significantly for the target dimensions of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Psychopathological dimensions on the SCL 90 R show that combination of buspirone and cognitive behaviour therapy accelerates the behaviour modification process only in the short term.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Exposure therapy, fluvoxamine, or combination treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder: one-year followup.

Sixty outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD, 22 men, 38 women) were randomized to receive 6 months of antiexposure therapy with fluvoxamine (group F), exposure therapy with fluvoxamine (group Fe), or exposure therapy with placebo (group Pe). Patients in group F did not comply with antiexposure therapy, so it was in fact a neutral condition. Patients began with depressed mood (mean Hamilton depression score = 19). Fifty patients were reevaluated at week 8, 44 at week 24 (posttest), 37 at week 48, and 33 at 18 months, 1 year posttreatment (group F, n = 10; group Fe, n = 12; group Pe, n = 11). The three groups improved on rituals and depression. There was a drug effect on rituals at week 8 and on depression at week 24; both these effects disappeared at week 48. The 33 18-month completers had been comparable at baseline to those not followed up, apart from having more severe behavioral avoidance. At 18-month followup, patients as a whole remained improved with no between-group differences; over 80% of the Fe and Pe patients versus 40% of the F patients were not receiving antidepressant treatment (Fe vs. F: p < 0.04; Pe vs. F: p = 0.053; Fe vs. Pe: NS). In OCD fluvoxamine and exposure therapy were synergistic in the short term, and exposure reduced subsequent need for antidepressants in the followup year after they had been stopped.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

A controlled study of fluvoxamine and exposure in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

DSM-3 obsessive-compulsive out-patients were randomly assigned to fluvoxamine with antiexposure (F), fluvoxamine with exposure (Fe), or placebo with exposure (Pe) for 24 weeks. Of 65 patients offered treatment 60 entered the trial, 50 reached week 8, 44 completed treatment to week 24, and 37 reached follow up to week 48. On average the patient had depressed mood (mean Hamilton depression rating scale = 19). Drop-out numbers, clinical status and behavioural measures were comparable across groups. Most F patients did not do antiexposure, but Fe and Pe patients complied in doing exposure. All three groups improved in rituals and depression from week 0 to week 24 and 48, with a slight but non-significant superiority for combined treatment up to week 24. At week 8 there was a drug between-group effect on rituals, but not on depression. At week 24 there was a drug between-group effect on depression, but not on rituals. The drug superiority was short-lived. At week 48 there was no between-group difference in rituals or depression. Depression was related to ritual outcome at week 24 in F, and tended to be so in Fe.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

[Results obtained in a behaviour therapy consultation. 319 referrals, including 124 fully treated (author's transl)].

Out of 319 patients referred to a behaviour therapy consultation in a general hospital, 217 were considered as amenable to this form of treatment which was undertaken in 176 and brought to completion in 124. At the end of treatment 90.5% of the patients fully treated were improved. an actuarial study of the results showed that 66% remained improved after one year.

Actuarial Analysis↗

PubMed1978

[Prolonged exposure (flooding) in phobic and obsessive compulsive patients: 21 cases (author's transl)].

A first appraisal of 21 patients with phobic (n = 15), obsessive-compulsive (n = 5) and bereavement problems (n = 1) is carried out after a flooding procedure (prolonged exposure). One case is reported in detail. The actuarial rate of improvement amounts to 73% at a follow up between 6 and 9 months. The failures and relapses take place in the first month following the treatment. Two psychotic subjects show a significant improvement. The importance of the patient's expectations and motivation and the interpersonal aspects are underlined.

Behavior Therapy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Validation of the French translation of the agoraphobic cognitions questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: The goal of the present study was to validate the French version of the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ). METHODS: Subjects consisted of 115 patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia, 54 obsessive-compulsive patients and 72 normal controls. Patients were referred for outpatient treatment. They filled in the questionnaire before and after entering treatment. The control group consisted of people taken from the general population. It was matched with the clinical groups on age, sex and education. RESULTS: The ACQ appears to have a constant factor structure across US, Dutch and French samples. Results support the validity of the total score of the ACQ. Patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia scored significantly higher than obsessive-compulsive patients and control subjects. On the ACQ physical concerns subscale agoraphobic patients were significantly different from obsessive-compulsive patients and control subjects. On the social/behavioural subscale agoraphobic patients and obsessive-compulsive patients were significantly different from control subjects. The French translation of the ACQ was found to be stable over an interval of 15 days in the control group. The Cronbach coefficients of both subscales were also satisfactory. These results support the stability and the internal consistency of the questionnaire. In addition, the French translation of the ACQ was sensitive to changes with cognitive-behavioural therapy. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the findings of Chambless and Gracely [Cogn Ther Res 1989;13:9-20]. The ACQ physical concerns subscale is a specific feature for the anxiety status experienced by patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia. The ACQ social/behavioural subscale seems to be a more general feature of anxious patients.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Predictive value of MMPI scales on smoking cessation programs outcomes.

Five hundred and fifty-eight cigarette smokers were randomized in 4 groups: acupuncture, behavior therapy, placebo and waiting list. The MMPI scales showed stability across pretest, posttest and a one-year follow-up. Principal components analysis isolated a "depression-psychasthenia" factor accounting for 61% of the variance. Moreover 43% of the subjects had an abnormal MMPI profile. Segmentation isolated predictive factors: a high number of pathological MMPI scales predicted failures in any kind of treatment. Acupuncture yielded better outcomes when the profiles were normal. Behavior therapy and placebo had better outcomes when the anxiety index was abnormal. The study underscores the role of personality factors in tobacco addiction and their influence on cessation programs outcomes.

Acupuncture Therapy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Behavioral and bodily self concept changes after assertive training. A pilot study.

The study aims at finding correlations between the development of assertiveness through assertive training and the modification of the bodily self concept (or body image). Eleven social phobic patients (6 women, 5 men, mean age 31.5) are treated in two groups and measured by Rathus's assertiveness schedule, and Osgood's semantic differential (key concepts: my self, my body, my voice, my gestures, my look; control concept: a table). At post test and follow-up (between 6 and 9 months), an ANOVA shows a significant positive change in assertiveness (p 0.001), correlated with modifications in bodily self concept. The patients are rating their body and their look as more active and stronger, but the body is perceived as more dangerous (p 0.05). No change appears in the other key concepts and the control concept. The interrelation between behavioral and cognitive changes are discussed.

Agoraphobia↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[French version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale].

A French translation and adaptation of the Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale is presented, with reference to validation studies. This new synthetic and specific measurement tool represents an advance and would deserve a French validation study.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Preliminary study of a list of obsessional thoughts. Validation and factorial analysis].

The validation study and factorial analysis of a list of obsessive thoughts is presented. Four groups were compared. They included patients suffering from obsessive compulsive disorders (n = 22), depression (n = 21), phobias (n = 16) and a control group (n = 21). The four groups were comparable as far as age, sex, and educational level were concerned. The list of obsessive thoughts is valid, reliable, and has a good internal consistency. The factorial analysis showed a first factor (accounting for 37.22% of the variance) reflecting perfectionism, and a second factor (accounting for 12.10% of the variance) reflecting a pathological sense of responsibility.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Cognitive behavior therapy of agoraphobia, retrospective study of 345 cases].

Epidemiological data of 533 (42% male) agoraphobic patients referred to an anxiety disorder unit are reported. Comorbidity with mood disorders was high (48%). Therapeutic response was studied in 345 patients who received cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT): 131 patients dropped out and 214 completed treatment. At post-test 71% of the completers were improved with maintenance of the gains in patients reevaluated at follow-up points ranging from 6 months to 18 years. Medication intake was significantly decreased. Intent to treat analysis of the whole CBT sample showed that 57% of the 345 patients were improved. Drop-outs were predicted by female sex and psychotic personality traits. This suggests that personality assessment should be carried out in agoraphobia and therapeutic interventions on personality considered in patients with disordered personality. The relatively low prevalence of women in the whole sample and their higher prevalence in drop-outs are discussed.

Adolescent↗