Biomedical subjects

E Monahan

Publications and source records attributed to E Monahan.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1995

Amnioinfusion for preventing puerperal infection. A prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hypothesis that irrigation of the uterine cavity by amnioinfusion in women with membranes ruptured for greater than six hours would decrease maternal puerperal infection. STUDY DESIGN: We designed a prospective study at three teaching institutions. Sixty-eight women were randomized to receive either amnioinfusion or routine care. Amnioinfusion was through preexisting internal uterine pressure catheters with a 300-500-mL bolus and a 125-150 mL/h constant drip. Chorioamnionitis and endometritis were evaluated as the outcome variables. RESULTS: Women from the amnioinfusion group, n = 36, and the control group, n = 32, had similar times in labor (mean 4 hours), times of ruptured membranes (mean 18 hours), vaginal examinations (mean 7), gestational age (mean 40 weeks), types of anesthesia and methods of delivery. Women who received amnioinfusion had significantly less puerperal infection, 9/36, as compared to women in the control group, 16/32 (P < .033, relative risk = .5, confidence interval .26-.94). There were no cases of neonatal sepsis in either group, and there were no complications from the amnioinfusions. CONCLUSION: In this study of women at high risk for puerperal infection, amnioinfusion was an inexpensive and safe technique for reducing the incidence of infection.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Olfactory discrimination of urinary odortypes from congenic strains (DBA/1Bg and DBA1.C57BL10-YBg) of mice differing in their Y chromosomes.

Differential effects of one or more genes in the nonpseudoautosomal region of the DBA1 and C57BL10 Y chromosomes on offensive attack may be mediated, at least in part, by differential effects of this Y chromosomal gene(s) on the sending and receiving of discriminable urinary odortypes. This hypothesis is based, in part, on the report that urine from a pair of Y chromosomal congenic strains (C57BL6.AKR-Y and C57BL6) of mice can be discriminated in a Y maze test. The AKR and C57BL6 Y chromosomes come from two distinct species of mouse (Mus domesticus and Mus musculus, respectively). Thus, this Y chromosomal variant exists between mouse species. The DBA1 and C57BL10 Y chromosomes come from a single species, Mus musculus. Here we show that in the Y maze system previously used, urine from mice with the DBA1 and with the C57BL10 Y chromosomes can also be discriminated. Thus, there are discriminable urinary odortypes for this pair of Y chromosomes from the same species, Mus musculus.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

A comparison of the contribution of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and Y chromosomes to the discriminability of individual urine odors of mice by Long-Evans rats.

A go/no-go operant task was used to assess the ability of male Long-Evans rats to discriminate between the urine odors from pairs of intact MHC congenic mice (C57BL/6-H-2Kb/J and C57BL/6-H-2Kbm1/ByJ), intact Y congenic mice (DBA1 and DBA1.C57BL10-Y), and castrated Y congenic mice of these two strains. The MHC congenic strains differ in alleles of the H-2 K locus, while the Y congenic strains differ in the nonrecombining part of the Y chromosome. Analysis of the number of correct responses to a criterion of 85% correct on each block of 20 trials revealed that the ability of the subjects to discriminate between urine odors did not differ whether samples were from pairs of intact MHC congenic mice, intact Y congenic mice, or castrated Y congenic mice. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that individually unique urine odors may be influenced both by genes in the nonrecombining part of the Y chromosome and by genes in the major histocompatibility complex of chromosome 17. These odors are not androgen dependent. Such urinary chemical signals may be involved in pregnancy block (the Bruce effect), aggression, and other mouse social behaviors.

Animals↗