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Biomedical subjects

E Murphy

Publications and source records attributed to E Murphy.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Radical hysterectomy: a critical review of twenty-two years' experience.

One hundred seventy-eight patients who had radical hysterectomy performed for management of invasive carcinoma of the cervix over 22 year period at the Medical University of South Carolina were critically analyzed. The degree of differentiation of the malignancy appeared to be of more significance than tumor size in Stage 1 lesions. With proper patient selection and excellent operative technique, survival rates well over 90% with minimal complications can be obtained. The radical hysterectomy should never be used in association with irradiation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Physical mapping of Staphylococcus aureus penicillinase plasmid pI524: characterization of an invertible region.

The staphylococcal penicillinase plasmid pI524 and a series of derivatives have been extensively mapped by restriction endonuclease digestion and by heteroduplex analysis. We report here the identification of a 2.2 kb region that undergoes a reversible, rec-independent inversion. This sequence is bounded by a pair of inverted repeats 650 base pairs in length, and has asymmetrically located recognition sites for at least three restriction endonucleases. A series of deleted derivatives and one naturally occurring, closely related plasmid, were studied. Two of these retain the inversion; the remainder are incapable of inverting and were all found to be locked in the same orientation of the inversion. The invertible sequence is adjacent to the region of the plasmid encoding beta-lactamase (bla); this entire region appears to be transposable and the inversion may be involved in the regulation of beta-lactamase expression or in translocation.

DNA Restriction Enzymes↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of media for dissemination of information about cancer in rural communities.

A study was done in Orangeburg County, South Carolina, to compare the effectiveness of the various mass media--television, radio, and newspaper--for the dissemination of educational material about cancer. Effectiveness of these media in reaching certain subpopulations defined by race, sex, income, and population density was also examined. The newspaper was found to be generally more effective than other media. This superiority held for almost all subpopulations. Furthermore, it was found that certain subpopulations differed from others in the extent to which they were reached by a particular medium.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Arousal, ventilatory, and airway responses to bronchopulmonary stimulation in sleeping dogs.

We studied waking, ventilatory, and reflex tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) responses to tracheobronchial irritation or lung inflation in three sleeping dogs. The dogs breathed through a cuffed endotracheal tube, and airflow was measured with a pneumotachograph. TSM tone was monitored directly by measuring pressure in the water-filled cuff of the endotracheal tube. Mild degrees of tracheobronchia irritation, produced by squirting 0.1--1.0 ml of water into the lower trachea, or by having the dogs inhale one breath of acetic acid vapor (concentration 17 ppm), generally caused arousal from slow-wave sleep (SWS), but not from rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. During wakefulness the irritant stimuli caused coughing and TSM constriction; during SWS or REM sleep, these responses occurred only if the stimulus first produced arousal. In contrast, stimulation of pulmonary stretch receptors by lung inflation did not cause arousal, but readily produced apnea and TSM relaxation during SWS. The results indicate that cough and airway smooth muscle constriction in response to bronchopulmonary irritant stimuli do not occur in the absence of arousal, and that arousal responses to such stimuli are depressed in REM sleep.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Ventilatory responses to CO2 and lung inflation in tonic versus phasic REM sleep.

Ventilatory responses to CO2 and to lung inflation were compared in four dogs during tonic and phasic segments of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Phasic REM sleep (P-REM) was identified by the presence of bursts of rapid eye movements, visible muscle twitchings, and frequent phasic discharges in the nuchal electromyogram. These features were absent during tonic REM sleep (T-REM). During P-REM the response of minute volume of ventilation (VI) to progressive hypercapnia (0.58 +/- 0.19 (l/min)/Torr, mean +/- SE) was significantly less than in slow-wave sleep (SWS) (1.40 +/- 0.14; P less than 0.05). In contrast, during T-REM the response (1.48 +/- 0.19) was similar to that in SWS. Similarly, during P-REM the duration of apnea (5.9 +/- 1.5 s) elicited by sustained inflation of the lungs with 1.0 liter of air, was significantly shorter than in SWS (25.8 +/- 0.8); in contrast, during T-REM the duration of apnea (17.8 +/- 3.6) was similar to that in SWS. The results indicate that previously described decreases in VI responses to CO2 and apneic responses to lung inflation during P-REM, compared to SWS, are related to the phasic phenomena of REM sleep, rather than to the REM sleep state per se.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Prospective evaluation of intrahisian conduction delay.

We prospectively evaluated 46 patients who had intrahisian conduction delay. Twenty-three had a split His potential and 23 had a prolonged HV interval with a normal QRS complex. In those with a split His, the interval between the two His potentials averaged 32.7 msec (range 9--90 msec); in nine patients this split His was demonstrated only by atrial pacing. The 20 patients from this group with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction have been followed for an average of 18.1 months (range 2--48 months). All are alive. Three have had syncope, but Holter monitoring revealed no bradyarrhythmias. In the 23 patients with a narrow QRS and prolonged HV interval, the HV interval averaged 73.7 msec (range 57--180 msec). Twelve of these patients received pacemakers at the time of the His bundle study, six had symptomatic atrioventricular block and five had symptomatic sinus pauses. The 11 patients who did not receive pacemakers have been followed for an average of 15.1 months (range 2--44 months). In three with recurrent syncope and five with dizziness, monitoring has revealed no bradyarrhythmias. One patient died from a myocardial infarction without arrhythmias. Further prospective evaluation of patients with intrahisian conduction delay without documented bradyarrhythmias is needed, but with follow-up averaging 17 months and up to 4 years, patients with intrahisian conduction delay and without documented bradyarrhythmias appear not to require prophylactic permanent pacemakers to decrease morbidity or mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Regulation of airway smooth muscle tone in sleeping dogs.

We examined the influence of sleep state on airway smooth muscle tone in 4 unanesthetized dogs that were trained to sleep in the laboratory. The dogs had been prepared with a permanent side-hole tracheostomy and bilateral cervical vagal loops. During the studies, the dogs breathed through a cuffed endotracheal tube inserted through the tracheostomy. To monitor changes in tracheal smooth muscle tone, we measured the pressure in the water-filled cuff of the endotracheal tube. The technique was validated by examining changes in cuff pressure after administration to the dogs of a series of chemical agents and physiologic stimuli known to constrict or relax tracheobronchial smooth muscle. Sleep state of the dogs was determined by behavioral, electroencephalographic, and electromyographic criteria. During quiet wakefulness, tracheal smooth muscle tone was stable. With the onset and progression of sleep through the nonrapid-eye movement stages, airway smooth muscle tone relaxed (decrease in cuff pressure of 20 to 40 cm H2O), reaching a new steady level during slow-wave sleep. In contrast, during rapid-eye-movement sleep, tracheal smooth muscle tone fluctuated markedly and erratically, as reflected by changes in cuff pressure as large as 90 cm H2O. Partial blockade of the vagus nerves, by cooling the exteriorized cervical vagal loops, decreased or abolished the fluctuations in tracheal smooth muscle tone during rapid-eye-movement sleep at temperatures that did not abolish resting tone, demonstrating that the changes in tone during rapid-eye-movement sleep were related to variability in neural control of airway smooth muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Severity of psychiatric disorder and the 30-item general health questionnaire.

The 30-item General Health Questionnaire misclassified 26 per cent of respondents in two samples of women who were interviewed by a psychiatrist using the Present State Examination. False negatives were likely to be women with chronic disorders, particularly anxiety states. False positives were likely to be distressed by severe physical illness, a recent adverse life event, or loneliness. Applying a higher threshold score to their GHQ responses would help to separate those with a diagnosable psychiatric disorder from those in states of distress.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A study of media effectiveness for sickle cell anemia education in a rural community.

A study was done in Orangeburg County, South Carolina, in order to determine the relative effectiveness of the various mass media (television, radio, and newspaper) in delivering an educational message about sickle cell anemia. The study also focused on different subpopulations. It was found that subpopulations varied in the extent to which they were reached by the message through a given medium. This indicates that any plan for media utilization in a campaign for sickle cell anemia education should take into consideration the subpopulation at which the message is aimed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Ventilatory and waking responses to hypoxia in sleeping dogs.

We examined waking and ventilatory responses to acute hypoxia in four dogs during natural sleep. Progressive hypoxia was induced by a rebreathing technique in which alveolar CO2 pressure (PACO2) was held at the eucapnic level. Arterial O2 saturation (SaO2) was measured with an ear oximeter, and sleep stage was determined by electroencephalographic and behavioral criteria. Arousal from eucapnic hypoxia occurred at a SaO2 of 87.5 +/- 2.6% (mean +/- SE) during slow-wave sleep (SWS), and at a SaO2 of 70.5 +/- 3.4% during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep (P less than 0.005). The irregular pattern of breathing typical of REM sleep persisted during hypoxia. However linear regression analysis of breath-by-breath instantaneous minute volume of ventilation (VI) against SaO2 revealed regression coefficients in REM sleep that were similar to those found in SWS and wakefulness. This finding contrasts with earlier observations of a decreased response of VI to CO2 during REM sleep. The results indicate that although waking responses to hypoxia are delayed in REM sleep, ventilatory responses remain intact and therefore may be of importance in maintaining adequate ventilation during this stage of sleep.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Primary role of respiratory afferents in sustaining breathing rhythm.

We studied the effects on breathing rhythm of suppressing the major respiratory stimuli (wakefulness, vagal, peripheral and central chemoreceptors) in healthy, unanesthetized dogs. Respiratory frequency (f) was obtained with a pneumotachograph; the state of wakefulness (W) or sleep was determined by EEG and behavioral criteria. During quiet W, f averaged 17 breaths/min and minute volume of ventilation (VI), 8.4 l/min. In slow-wave sleep (SWS), f slowed to 14 breaths/min, and VI decreased to 6.8 l/min. Afferent vagal blockade during SWS slowed f to 4 breaths/min, due primarily to prolongation of expiratory duration (Te) to 13.3 s, and decreased VI to 4.8 l/min. One breath of 100% O2 prolonged Te further to 27.4 s. Central chemoreceptor sensitivity was then reduced by inducting a metabolic alkalosis that combined with SWS, vagal blockade, and hyperoxia prolonged Te to as long as 57 s and reduced f to as low as 1 breath/min. The results demonstrate that afferent respiratory stimuli are essential for sustaining adequate ventilation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Waking and ventilatory responses to laryngeal stimulation in sleeping dogs.

We studied waking and ventilatory responses to laryngeal stimulation during sleep in three dogs. The dogs breathed through an endotracheal tube inserted caudally into the trachea through a tracheostomy. Laryngeal stimulation was produced either by inflating a small balloon that was positioned in the rostral tracheal segment, or by squirting water onto the larynx through a catheter inserted through the tracheostomy. Airflow was measured with a pneumotachograph, and sleep state was determined by behavioral, electroencephalographic, and electromyographic criteria. We found that the degree of laryngeal stimulation required to produce arousal and coughing was higher in rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep than in slow-wave sleep (SWS). Stimuli that failed to cause arousal from SWS often produced a single expiratory effort, or brief apnea (1--2 s) and bradycardia. In contrast, during REM sleep subarousal stimuli often resulted in prolonged apnea (greater than 10 s) and marked bradycardia. We conclude that during REM sleep arousal responses to laryngeal stimulation are depressed, but ventilatory and cardiac responses are intact.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Adenosine deaminase activity in human diploid skin fibroblasts varies with the age of the donor.

Activities of adenosine deaminase, adenosine kinase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase were determined in extracts prepared from human skin fibroblast strains derived from 7 normal newborn males and 4 normal adult males. All strains were harvested between passages 9 and 12. Adenosine deaminase activity in adult strains, 40.80 +/- 1.76 (mean +/- S.E.) nanomoles/min per mg protein, was almost twice the activity in neonatal strains, 22.40 +/- 3.02. This difference was significant at the 99.5% confidence level. Moreover, there was no overlap between the adult and neonatal activities. In contrast, adenosine kinase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activities did not differ with the age of the donor.

Adenosine Deaminase↗