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Biomedical subjects

E N Jouriles

Publications and source records attributed to E N Jouriles.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Reducing conduct problems among children of battered women.

This study was an experimental evaluation of an intervention designed to reduce conduct problems among children of battered women. Participants were 36 families (mothers and children) in which the mother had sought shelter because of relationship violence and had at least 1 child (4-9 years old) with clinical levels of conduct problems. The intervention consisted of 2 primary components: (a) providing instrumental and emotional support and (b) teaching child management skills to mothers. Families were randomly assigned to either the intervention condition or the existing services comparison condition and were assessed on 5 occasions over 16 months after shelter departure. Compared with families receiving existing services, children in the intervention condition improved at a faster rate, the proportion of children displaying clinical levels of conduct problems was greatly diminished, and mothers displayed greater improvements in child management skills.

Battered Women↗
PubMed2000

Patterns of adjustment among children of battered women.

Children exposed to interparental violence have been characterized by an array of psychological problems, but findings regarding the precise nature of these problems have been inconsistent. This study used cluster analysis to determine whether distinct patterns of adjustment could be identified in 228 8- to 14-year-old children residing in battered women's shelters. Five such patterns emerged: multiproblem-externalizing, multiproblem-internalizing, externalizing, mild distress, and no problems reported. This solution was cross-validated in independent halves of the sample and was similar for boys and girls. Differences among the clusters on relevant family and demographic variables were examined, and it was found that the clusters could be distinguished on the basis of the frequency of children's exposure to interparental violence, parent-child aggression, and children's appraisals of interparental conflict.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Psychometric properties of family members' reports of parental physical aggression toward clinic-referred children.

This study examined (a) differences among mothers', fathers', and children's reports of parental physical aggression toward children; (b) the reliability and validity of family members' reports of aggression using confirmatory factor analysis; and (c) the discriminant validity of the constructs of mother-child and father-child aggression. Participants were 72 dual-parent families in which the parents were seeking clinical services for their children's (ages 7-9 years) conduct behavior problems. Each participant completed the parent-child version of the Conflict Tactics Scale (P-CTS). Results indicate that children reported lower levels of mother-child and father-child aggression than either mothers or fathers reported. Although the reliability (total systematic variance accounted for by observed variables) of family members' reports on the P-CTS ranged from moderate to high, convergent validity was generally low. The constructs of mother-child and father-child aggression were highly correlated but could be distinguished from each other when relationships among rater effects were considered.

Aggression↗
PubMed1997

Marital adjustment, marital discord over childrearing, and child behavior problems: moderating effects of child age.

Examined whether marital discord over childrearing contributes to child behavior problems after taking into account general marital adjustment, and if child age moderates associations between child behavior problems and either general marital adjustment or marital discord over childrearing. Participants were 146 two-parent families seeking services for their child's (4 to 9 years of age) conduct problems. Data on marital functioning and child behavior problems were collected from both parents. Mothers' and fathers' reports of marital discord over childrearing related positively to child externalizing problems after accounting for general marital adjustment. Child age moderated associations between fathers' reports of general marital adjustment and both internalizing and externalizing child problems, with associations being stronger in families with younger children. The discussion highlights the role that developmental factors may play in understanding the link between marital and child behavior problems in clinic-referred families.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Parents' marital functioning and adolescent psychopathology.

Parents' marital functioning and adolescent psychopathology were investigated in 2 studies. The first study compared parents' marital satisfaction, conflict over childrearing, affective communication, and traditional role orientation in matched samples of psychiatric inpatient and control-group adolescents. The second study examined associations between specific dimensions of marital functioning and adolescent depression severity, suicidal ideation, and social adjustment in a larger sample of adolescent inpatients. In Study 1, parents of inpatients reported less marital satisfaction and more conflicts over childrearing than parents of control-group adolescents. In Study 2, marital conflicts over childrearing were associated with a less active or involved father-adolescent relationship and more severe school behavior and spare time problems. Marital functioning was not associated with depression severity or suicidal ideation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Differences and similarities in development of drinking behavior between alcoholic offspring of alcoholics and alcoholic offspring of non-alcoholics.

Self-reported initial, early, and long-term drinking behaviors, experiences, and consequences were obtained from male alcoholics completing inpatient treatment. Subjects were recruited and selected on the basis that they met DSM-III criteria for diagnosis of alcohol dependency and that their biological fathers were alcoholic (FHP; Family History Positive) or that they had no biological family history of alcoholism (FHN; Family History Negative). Results indicated that FHP subjects rated their initial taste of beer higher than FHN subjects, that FHP subjects began tasting and subsequently regularly drinking alcohol at an earlier age than FHN subjects and that there was significantly shorter elapsed time between initiating regular drinking and developing alcoholic-symptomatic problems in living among FHP alcoholics than FHN alcoholics. Although there were a few other significant differences, the drinking-behavioral histories of the two groups were remarkably similar and parallel. Taken together, results suggest that familial risk factors primarily influence the rate at which alcoholic drinking and alcoholism develop, rather than the form or pattern of alcoholic drinking.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Husband's aggression toward wives and mothers' and fathers' aggression toward children: moderating effects of child gender.

This study assesses the role of child gender in moderating the association between husbands' aggression toward wives and parental aggression toward children. Participants were 73 mothers who experienced at least one incident of marital aggression during the past 12 months. Each mother had a child between 5 and 16 years of age. Hierarchical regression analyses indicate that the Husbands' Aggression Toward Wives x Child Gender interaction contributed unique variance to the prediction of both mothers' and fathers' aggression toward children after husbands' aggression toward wives, child gender, and child age were controlled. Pearson correlations indicate that husbands' aggression toward wives correlated positively with mothers' and fathers' aggression toward boys but not toward girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Marital adjustment and child conduct problems: a comparison of the correlation across subsamples.

This research examines differences in the magnitude of the correlation between marital adjustment and child conduct problems across four pairs of subsamples: (a) families with boys versus families with girls, (b) families of clinic-referred children versus families of nonclinic children, (c) families of lower socioeconomic status (SES) versus families of higher SES, and (d) overcrowded families versus families with an adequate number of rooms in the home. This report is based on a secondary analysis of data from a nationwide sample of 1,107 dual-parent families with a child between 6 and 12 years of age. Data were collected both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Results indicate that the correlation between parents' reports of marital adjustment and child conduct problems is significantly stronger in families of clinic-referred children compared with families of nonclinic children and in families of lower SES compared with families of higher SES.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Marital adjustment, parental disagreements about child rearing, and behavior problems in boys: increasing the specificity of the marital assessment.

2 studies were conducted to illustrate how measuring a specific aspect of marriage, namely, child-rearing disagreements, provides a better understanding of the link between marriage and boys' behavior. In Study 1, 200 mothers of 3-year-old boys completed unstandardized measures of marital functioning and child behavior. An index of child-rearing disagreements: (1) correlated with a greater variety of behavior problems than nonchild disagreements, and (2) improved upon the prediction of behavior problems after accounting for nonchild disagreements as well as after accounting for boys' exposure to marital conflict. In Study 2, 87 mothers with 4-6-year-old sons completed the index of child-rearing disagreements used in Study 1 as well as standard measures of marital functioning and child behavior. Child-rearing disagreements: (1) predicted a greater variety of behavior problems than global marital adjustment, and (2) improved upon the prediction of internalizing problems after controlling for global marital adjustment as well as after controlling for boys' exposure to marital conflict.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Effects of maternal mood on mother-son interaction patterns.

This study evaluated the impact of maternal mood on mother-son interaction patterns. Forty boys between the ages of 46 and 72 months and their mothers participated. A within-subject experimental design was employed so that all mothers participated in both a positive and a negative mood induction. Observations of mother-son interactions were conducted immediately following the mood inductions. During the negative mood condition, mothers issued fewer positive statements toward their children and engaged in less general verbal interaction. In addition, children were less complaint with maternal commands during the negative mood condition. Implications of the effects of mood on mother-child interaction patterns are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Interspousal aggression, marital discord, and child problems.

The association between interspousal aggression and child problems was assessed after controlling for parents' general marital discord. Participants were 87 couples requesting marital therapy who had children between 5 and 12 years old. Spouses completed measures of marital aggression, marital discord, child problems, and family demographics. Marital aggression contributed unique variance to the prediction of conduct disorder, personality disorder, inadequacy-immaturity, and clinical levels of problematic child behavior after marital discord, child's age, child's sex, and Marital Discord X Child's sex interaction were controlled. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Marital conflict, parenting, and toddler conduct problems.

The present research examined relationships involving marital conflict, parenting, and toddler conduct problems. Sixty mother-toddler dyads (30 boys and 30 girls) participated as subjects. Mothers completed measures of general marital satisfaction, overt marital conflict, and toddler conduct problems. Maternal parenting and toddler deviance were assessed during a laboratory observation. Marital conflict was positively correlated with observations of toddler deviance and maternal reports of conduct problems. Marital conflict also correlated positively with the frequency of maternal disapproval statements directed toward sons' misbehaviors and was correlated negatively with the ratio of disapproval statements to daughters' misbehaviors. The present results indicate that marital conflict is associated with toddler conduct problems. The results also suggest the importance of examining parenting practices and child characteristics that may mediate the relationship between marital conflict and child behavior problems.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed1987

Predicting child behavior problems in maritally violent families.

Previous research indicates that children from violent marriages are more likely to suffer from conduct problems and/or anxiety disorders than children from nonviolent, satisfactory marriages. However, knowledge regarding specific factors present in violent marriages relating to child problems is limited. The present study examined the relationships involving interspousal aggression, parent-child aggression, and child behavior problems in a sample of 45 children from maritally violent families. Mothers indicated how often their children witnessed interspousal aggression and were victims of parent-child aggression. Mothers also rated their children's problem behaviors while children reported on their own depressive symptoms. The witnessing of interspousal aggression was highly associated with parental aggression directed toward children. Parent-child aggression related to attention problems, anxiety-withdrawal, motor excess, and conduct problems in children. However, the witnessing of interspousal aggression was not significantly related to child behavior problems. These results are consistent with theoretical predictions linking marital problems to child behavior by virtue of their association with parenting.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1985

Extramarital sex: impact on depression and commitment in couples seeking marital therapy.

The effects of extramarital sex on depression and commitment were examined in couples seeking marital therapy. One hundred and twenty couples completed a standard assessment battery which assessed level of depression, level of commitment and demographic variables. Couples presenting extramarital sex as an issue reported higher rates of depression and lower levels of commitment to their marriages. In fact, all couples presenting extramarital sex indicated either lowered commitment, elevated depression, or both. Interestingly, it was the spouse engaging in extramarital sex who was most likely to show higher levels of depression and/or lower levels of commitment than other same sex spouses presenting for marital therapy. The need for individual sessions with the spouse engaging in extramarital sex as a preliminary step in marital therapy is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interparental conflict and child adjustment: testing the mediational role of appraisals in the cognitive-contextual framework.

Children's appraisals of interparental conflict consistently have been associated with adjustment problems, but the processes that give rise to this association are not well understood. This paper proposes that appraisals of threat and self-blame mediate the association between children's reports of interparental conflict and internalizing problems, and tests this mediational hypothesis in two samples of children, one drawn from the community (317 ten- to fourteen-year-olds) and the other from battered women's shelters (145 ten- to twelve-year-olds). Results indicate that perceived threat mediates the association between interparental conflict and internalizing problems for boys and girls in both samples, and self-blame mediates this association for boys in both samples and girls in the shelter sample. Perceived threat and self-blame do not mediate links with externalizing problems, and there is no evidence of a moderating effect of appraisals on the association between conflict and child adjustment. Implications for understanding the mechanism by which exposure to interparental conflict could lead to child maladjustment are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗