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Biomedical subjects

E N Obineche

Publications and source records attributed to E N Obineche.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Outcome of bought living non-related donor kidneys followed up at a single centre.

Between October 1985 and November 1991, 16 dialysis patients travelled to Bombay and bought kidneys from living non-related Indian donors for U.S. $7,372. One patient died peri-operatively; one contracted HIV and another hepatitis B virus infections. Six patients are presently positive for hepatitis C virus antibody compared to two cadaver graft recipients (P = 0.03); two of the six patients have chronic active hepatitis. Five-year patient and graft survival rates (75% and 43%, respectively) were similar to those of recipients of 24 cadaver grafts obtained in the United States (67% and 55%, respectively), as was graft function during the first 5 years of follow-up. Graft survival may have improved following commercial kidney transplantation in Bombay, but this practise still poses a risk of dangerous infections and exploitation of donors and recipients. The establishment of a centralized programme of anonymous "rewarded gifting" in countries that cannot eradicate rampant organ commerce may help to expunge exploitation and to ensure uniform, acceptable clinical standards and the safety of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Prevalence of complement-fixing antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the savannah and forest belts of Nigeria.

A survey of complement-fixing antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in 1673 children (aged 5-13 years) was conducted in Nigeria. Although the antibodies were detected in 25.7% of the children from the savannah belt and 20.4% of those from the forest belt, only 8.9% and 7.4%, respectively, had titres considered high enough to protect them from infection. The geometric mean titres (GMT) tended to increase with age up to 8 years and then gradually fall. The age-specific differences in GMT were significant (F = 2.98; analysis of variance with x = 0.05) but those due to the child's sex (F = 2.49) and belt of origin (F = 2.61) were not. The results indicate that Nigeria is a highly endemic area for M. pneumoniae infection, with a large pool of susceptible children in which epidemic outbreaks could occur.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

High incidence of post-transplant diabetes mellitus in a single-centre study.

Twelve of 29 Saudi patients (41.4%) developed diabetes mellitus following renal transplantation. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus occurred within the first 2 months in eight patients; two others presented with diabetic ketoacidosis associated with severe infections. The diabetic and non-diabetic patients had received similar doses of prednisolone and cyclosporin (CsA) during the initial 2 months post-transplantation, and their mean CsA blood values at 3 months were not significantly different. Increasing patient age (over 40 years), but not sex, donor source, or body mass index, was associated with an increased risk for developing diabetes mellitus. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus was controlled with oral hypoglycaemic agents in most patients, but one-third required insulin. Patients who developed diabetes had significantly decreased mean creatinine clearance/1.73 m2 at a mean graft age of 3.4 years (P less than 0.001). Diabetes mellitus after transplantation may be more common among Saudi patients than elsewhere, especially those aged over 40 years. It develops rapidly, may present with ketosis, and is associated with graft dysfunction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Addison's disease presenting with marked eosinophilia and psychosis.

A 48-year-old man was admitted with hypotension, hyperpigmentation, neuromuscular dysfunction and psychiatric symptoms. Serum sodium values were low and serum potassium values high. He had marked eosinophilia. A clinical diagnosis of Addison's disease was made. He initially responded satisfactorily to corticosteroid replacement but died suddenly at home. Postmortem examination showed miliary tuberculosis. The need to treat Addison's disease in the third world with antituberculous drugs even in absence of clear evidence of active tuberculosis is stressed.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1987

Measles antibody levels in children of rural and urban areas of Nigeria following vaccination campaign.

This study compares the presence and level of measles haemagglutination inhibiting antibody in the sera of primary school children in selected rural and urban areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria following a vaccination campaign. The results, analysed by Mann-Whitney statistical test at alpha = 0.05, showed significantly higher levels of haemagglutination inhibiting antibody in all the age groups in urban areas when compared with rural areas. The implications of these findings on measles vaccination campaigns are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Control of epidemic meningococcal meningitis by mass vaccination. I. Further epidemiological evaluation of groups A and C vaccines in northern Nigeria.

Mass vaccination campaigns were mounted by several state governments in the northern Nigerian sector of the African meningitis belt. Bivalent groups A and C polysaccharide vaccines were used. The results of these campaigns in four of the states which are adjacent to each other are presented and assessed. A total of 7535350 persons in the four States, Bauchi, Borno, Gongola and Plateau, were given the vaccine over a period of 4 years (1978-1981). There was a decline in the overall number of cases reported as well as in the number of deaths in the area, where, since 1978, there has not been an epidemic of meningococcal meningitis. Variations were observed among the states which vaccinated over 50% of their populations and had many fewer cases than those which did not. These results show that mass vaccination is an effective means of preventing outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis and may lead to eradication of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Control of epidemic meningococcal meningitis by mass vaccination. II. Persistence of antibody four years after vaccination.

Meningococcal antibody was measured in 928 persons vaccinated with combined groups A and C polysaccharide antigens in Bauchi State, Nigeria between 1979 and 1982. Protective amounts of antibody were detected by the indirect haemagglutination technique up to 4 years after vaccination. This persistence was observed mainly in adults, although a substantial proportion of older children also had persistent antibody. Titres in younger children fell progressively, and by the third year the mean log2 antibody titre was 1.4; this may not confer protection against disease. A rational policy for vaccination against meningococcal meningitis would be to revaccinate younger children after 2 years, older children after 4 years, and adults after 6-8 or more years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Hepatic capillariasis.

The clinico-pathologic features of Capillaria hepatica infection in a 27-year-old Nigerian woman are discussed. This animal parasite has been encountered only rarely in humans. Less than 30 cases of human infection, mostly in children, having been recorded as far as the present authors are aware. This is the first case of hepatic capillariasis reported in West Africa. The pathologic features of this patient is marked by severe hepatic fibrosis, and this is correlated with disordered liver function. The possibility of histopathologic confusion with schistosomiasis mansoni is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1970

Use of propranolol in atrial flutter.

Seven consecutive patients with atrial flutter are described, in six of whom sinus rhythm was restored by a combination of digoxin and propranolol. It is suggested that propranolol, used in this way, is a valuable addition to the available measures for the control of this arrhythmia.

Adult↗
PubMed1969

Treating shock.

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Humans↗