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Biomedical subjects

E N Siguel

Publications and source records attributed to E N Siguel.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Fatty acid content of marine oil capsules.

The use of dietary omega 3 fatty acid capsules has been associated with a decrease in plasma triglyceride levels. In addition, populations consuming diets rich in fish appear to have a decreased incidence of cardiovascular disease. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 omega 3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 omega 3) are major fatty acids in fish oils. It is believed that fish oils exert their biologic effect through these fatty acids. Many individuals are currently taking fish oil capsules to lower lipids, increase bleeding time, and possibly decrease cardiovascular risk. These capsules also have been classified as food additives with less stringent controls on content. We assessed the fatty acid, cholesterol, and vitamin A and E content of eight commercially available capsules along with cod liver oil. The content of EPA was found to range from 8.7-26.4% (wt %) with a mean of 17.3% (82.4% of labeled content), and that of DHA from 8.9-17.4% with a mean of 11.5% (90.0% of labeled content) as assessed by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography. The mean content of the polyunsaturated omega 3 fatty acids was 31.9%, and that of the omega 6 fatty acids was 1.4%. The content of saturated fatty acids was 32.0%, and that of monounsaturated fatty acids was 25.1%. Cholesterol content was low, with a range of 0.7-8.3 mg/g, the alpha-tocopherol range was 0.62-2.24 mg/g, and the range of retinyl esters was 0.4-298.4 micrograms/g. Cod liver oil had substantially more retinyl esters (2450.1 micrograms/g) than did fish oil capsules.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Capsules↗
PubMed1986

Monitoring the optimal infusion of intravenous lipids. Detection of essential fatty acid deficiency.

Since increased amounts of the trienoic acid C20:3w9 are produced in patients with essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency (EFAD) of the linoleic (w6) family, the trienoic (C20:3w9)-to-tetraenoic (C20:4w6) fatty acid ratio (T/T ratio) is used as a biochemical indicator of w6 EFAD. A T/T ratio above 0.02 is suggestive of w6 EFAD. Fatty acid profiles, listing the percent of individual and families of fatty acids, are useful in evaluating the effects of intravenous lipid infusions during treatment. We evaluated the condition of a patient with fat malabsorption treated with a soybean oil-based intravenous lipid solution and found that levels of linoleic acid and its derivatives did not reach reference levels, while linolenic acid and its derivatives quickly exceeded reference levels. A persistently elevated T/T ratio suggested that altered fatty acid metabolism characteristic of linoleic acid deficiency was not corrected by the treatment. Plasma levels of the EFA, ie, linoleic and linolenic acids, cannot be predicted from the lipid treatment or from the patient's clinical course; therefore, periodic measurements of EFA are required to monitor the effects of therapy. To provide the most effective therapy, the amounts and proportions of linoleic and linolenic acids provided in the intravenous infusions should be varied, as indicated by periodic monitoring of the fatty acid profile.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The effect of prior treatment on treatment success.

The characteristics of clients discharged from federally funded treatment facilities reporting to CODAP are analyzed in terms of several variables. These are the reasons for discharge (treatment completed, transfer or referral, or treatment not completed), the primary drug of abuse at admission (opiates and nonopiates), and the number of prior treatment experiences. Two independent replications using data for two consecutive quarters produced the same results, finding that the likelihood of completing treatment decreases as the number of prior treatment experiences increases. This relationship was found to apply to both opiate and nonopiate users. Although large differences exist in completion rates between opiate and nonopiate users without prior treatment experience, only small differences exist between opiate and nonopiate users who have had prior treatment. The largest difference in treatment outcome occurs between those with no prior treatment and those who have been treated before. Having one or more prior treatment experiences does not seem to have a major impact on the probability of completing treatment.

Heroin Dependence↗