Dementia is the result of the dysfunction and death of cells in the central and peripheral nervous system. Of diverse etiology, these processes are insidious in their onset and are characterized by a progressive neural depletion resulting in a range of cognitive deficits, including a deterioration in the capacity to learn and a tendency to forget what has been learned. Neurodegenerative diseases resulting in dementia include: Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington, Pick, and Creutzfeld Jakob, as well as dementias with multiple etiologies. The population with the highest probability of suffering from one of these diseases are those over 50 years of age, because they have reduced circulating levels of gonadal hormones, one of several risk factors associated with the onset of dementia. Anatomical areas most commonly affected include the hippocampus, the primary motor and somatosensory areas, various limbic structures, and the parieto-temporal, frontal, and entorhinal corticies. Affliction of this last area has been suggested to account for the early olfactory dysfunction often shown by patients after the onset of Alzheimer and Parkinson, leading to the suggestion that olfactory testing could be useful in the early diagnosis of such neurodegenerative diseases.

Alzheimer Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Sarcoma of the breast].

Reports of 4 personal cases of breast sarcomas (3 cases of cystosarcoma phyllodes and 1 angiosarcoma), the authors review the literature concerning these rare tumors which account for less than 1% of malignant tumors of the breast. Whilst the usual clinical picture is that of a large tumor deforming the breast with pseudo-inflammatory signs, sarcomas 1 to 3 cm in diameter were discovered and treated with good chances of recovery. The natural history of breast sarcomas is marked above all by the risk of hematogenic metastatic spread (30% of cases) whilst very few (5%) local recurrences are seen following surgical treatment by mastectomy. Emphasis is placed upon problems of histological diagnosis of the variety of sarcoma and the demonstration of histoprognostic factors which can be used to predict the outcome (mitotic activity, grading) showing evidence of good correlation in the series analyzed. The various characteristics of cystosarcoma phyllodes are described emphasizing the conditions surrounding its development, relations with benign phyllodes tumors. The particular severity of this sarcomatous form in the very young woman is mentioned. Prevention lies in the sufficiently extensive excision of the phyllodes tumor. Mesenchymatous sarcomas of the breast are also accompanied by a fairly favorable prognosis (5 year actuarial survival of 50 to 80% according to series). By contrast, two special and rare histological varieties, angiosarcoma and lymphosarcoma, are characterized by a much more gloomy prognosis and require different treatment including radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Therapeutic efficacy of the compound HOE 16842 in necatoriasis].

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Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Importance of elastic compression of the lower limbs in the prevention of venous thrombosis in digestive surgery].

A group of 25 patients having to undergo laparotomy were prescribed thrombo-embolic preventive stockings of graduated elasticity to be worm from 48 hours before the operation until 9 days afterwards. This group was compared to another group of 25 patients. The thromboses were detected using the fibrinogen test and the Doppler. This study demonstrates the efficiency of prophylactic anti-thrombotic stockings using graduated compression.

Adult↗