Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Negri.
We analysed the relation between coffee consumption and hepatocellular carcinoma in two case-control studies conducted between 1984 and 1998 in Italy and Greece, including 834 cases and 1912 controls. Compared to non coffee drinkers, the multivariate odds ratio was 0.7 for drinkers of three or more cups per day.
The separate effect of alcohol and tobacco on laryngeal cancer was analysed in two case-control studies from Italy and Switzerland, comprising 40 non-smoking and 68 non-drinking cases, and 160 non-smoking and 161 non-drinking controls. The multivariate odds ratio was 2.46 for heavy drinkers non-smokers, and 9.38 for current smokers non-drinkers.
Hodgkin's disease mortality rates steadily declined by about 75% between the late 1960's and the late 1990's in the current European Union countries and the USA, and Japan. Eastern European countries, however, showed only an approximately 40% decline between the late 1960's and the early 1990's, and no further fall thereafter.
The relationship between body mass measures at diagnosis and/or at different ages and ovarian cancer risk was investigated using an Italian multicentre case-control study. The study, conducted between 1992 and 1999, included 1031 cases of incident, histologically-confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer and 2411 controls admitted to the same network of hospitals for acute non-neoplastic conditions. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained using unconditional multiple logistic regression analyses. Weight and body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) 1 year prior to diagnosis/interview were not associated with ovarian cancer risk. A direct association emerged with waist-to-hip ratio (W/H) (OR=1.45 in the highest category), particularly among women with stage I-II cancers. Cases also had a higher BMI at age 30 years (OR=1.22). Conversely, cases had lower weight gain between age 30 years and the year prior to diagnosis/interview, both for cases with stage I-II and those with stage III-IV cancers.
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OBJECTIVE: To provide information on the effects of alcohol and tobacco on laryngeal cancer and its subsites. METHODS: This was a case-control study conducted between 1992 and 2000 in northern Italy and Switzerland. A total of 527 cases of incident squamous-cell carcinoma of the larynx and 1297 hospital controls frequency-matched with cases on age, sex, and area of residence were included. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: In comparison with never smokers, ORs were 19.8 for current smokers and 7.0 for ex-smokers. The risk increased in relation to the number of cigarettes (OR = 42.9 for > or = 25 cigarettes/day) and for duration of smoking (OR = 37.2 for > or = 40 years). For alcohol, the risk increased in relation to number of drinks (OR = 5.9 for > or = 56 drinks per week). Combined alcohol and tobacco consumption showed a multiplicative (OR = 177) rather than an additive risk. For current smokers and current drinkers the risk was higher for supraglottis (ORs 54.9 and 2.6, respectively) than for glottis (ORs 7.4 and 1.8) and others subsites (ORs 10.9 and 1.9). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that both cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking are independent risk factors for laryngeal cancer. Heavy consumption of alcohol and cigarettes determined a multiplicative risk increase, possibly suggesting biological synergy.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the protection observed for some micronutrients, such as beta-carotene, in several observational studies may simply reflect vegetable and fruit intake. DESIGN: A case-control study conducted in Italy. SUBJECTS: The subjects were 1225 colon cancer patients, 728 rectal cancer patients and 4154 hospital controls. RESULTS: For the 16 micronutrients considered, the more closely a micronutrient was correlated with total vegetable and fruit intake, the more it appeared protective against colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION: When studying the effect of a nutrient on disease risk in an observational setting, its relation to other nutrients and foods must be taken into account.
The relation between diabetes and prostate cancer risk was investigated in a combined analysis of two hospital-based case-control studies conducted in Italy and Greece, between 1985 and 1997. Cases were 608 men with incident prostate cancer, and controls were 1008 men admitted to hospital for acute non-neoplastic diseases. No material association between diabetes and prostate cancer was observed, with a multivariate odds ratio (OR) of 1.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-1.66). Compared with men without diabetes, there was a non-significant increased risk of prostate cancer in those diagnosed with diabetes within the last 5 years (OR 2.04), while the ORs were 0.96 and 0.78 respectively for a diagnosis of diabetes 5-9 years and > or = 10 years ago.
The role of alcohol consumption on the risk of renal cell cancer was investigated separately for women and men, in a case-control study of 348 people with incident histologically confirmed cancer and 1048 hospital controls from northern Italy. No significant relationship emerged, nor any differences between the sexes. The odds ratios were 1.2 (95% confidence interval, 0.6-2.4) for the highest tertile of intake in women (>or=3 drinks per day) and 0.8 (0.4-1.3) for the highest quartile of intake in men (>or=6 drinks per day).
OBJECTIVE: To analyse trends in mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) over the period 1965 to 1998 in the European Union, other European countries, the USA, and Japan. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data were derived from the World Health Organization database. In the European Union, CHD mortality in men rose from 146/100 000 in 1965-9 to 163/100 000 in 1975-9 and declined thereafter to 99/100 000 in 1995-8 (-39%). In women, the fall was from 70 to 45/100 000 (-36%). A > 55% decline in CVD was registered in both sexes. In eastern Europe, mortality from both CHD and CVD rose up to the early 1990s but has declined over the past few years in Poland and the Czech Republic. In the Russian Federation during 1995-8, mortality rates from CHD reached 330/100 000 men and 154/100 000 women and mortality rates from CVD were 203/100 000 men and 150/100 000 women-that is, they were among the highest rates worldwide. In the USA and Japan, long term trends were favourable for both CHD and CVD. CONCLUSIONS: Trends in mortality from CHD and CVD were favourable in several developed areas of the world, but there were major geographical differences. In a few eastern European countries, mortality from CHD and CVD remains exceedingly high.
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BACKGROUND: The Neuropathic Pain Scale is the first specific tool to measure and analyse pain due to a lesion in the nervous system; this kind of pain is usually difficult to describe for the patient because it is characterized by unusual qualities. Aim of this study is to evaluate a possible relation between pain descriptions and underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. METHODS: The Italian version of the Neuropathic Pain Scale has been administered to 145 patients with neuropathic pain due to chronic radiculopathy, diabetic neuropathy, post-traumatic neuropathy, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome or postherpetic neuralgia. As it has been done in Galer's study, the predictive validity and the items' correlation have been evaluated; moreover, the structure validity of the scale has been studied. RESULTS: Pain values were high in all pain syndromes with the prevalence of certain items in particular pathologies. The correlation of some items with "deep pain" and others with "superficial pain" was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results have confirmed the statistical validity of the Italian version of the scale; they also pointed out the usefulness of the scale to distinguish between superficial pain, typical of neuropathic pain, and deep pain, typical of somatic pain.
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BACKGROUND: The relation between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fish intake, and risk of coronary heart disease is controversial. METHODS AND RESULTS: An Italian case-control study including 507 patients with nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 478 hospital controls found a multivariate odds ratio (OR) of 0.67 (95% CI, 0.47 to 0.95) for the highest n-3 PUFA intake and 0.68 (95% CI, 0.47 to 0.98) for an intake of >1 portion of fish per week compared with >/=2 portions per week. CONCLUSIONS: Small amounts of n-3 PUFAs may be inversely related to AMI risk in this low-risk population.
We analysed 3 case-control studies from Italy and Switzerland including 114 women with squamous cell oesophageal cancer and 425 controls. The multivariate odds ratio was 4.5 for heavy smoking and 5.4 for heavy alcohol drinking. Fruit intake, vegetable intake, oral contraceptive and HRT use were inversely related to oesophageal cancer.
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Testicular cancer is curable if treated appropriately. We used national mortality data to compare specific death rates from the disorder in western and eastern Europe, the USA, and Japan. Testicular cancer mortality rates have fallen by about 70% in the USA and western Europe since the 1970s. In eastern Europe, however, death rates from testicular cancer have been declining only since the late 1980s, and at a much slower rate than that recorded elsewhere (about 20%). Consequently, many avoidable deaths, mainly in young adults, are still occurring in eastern Europe. Available effective treatment strategies for testicular cancer must be implemented in these countries.