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E Negri

Publications and source records attributed to E Negri.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Diabetes and endometrial cancer: an Italian case-control study.

We considered the association between diabetes and risk of endometrial cancer using data from a large case-control study conducted in Italy. Cases were 752 women with incident, histologically confirmed endometrial cancer < 75 years of age (median age 60 years, range 28-74) admitted to a network of hospitals in Milan. Controls were 2,606 patients (median age 54 years, range 25-74) aged < 75 years, admitted for acute non-neoplastic, non-gynecological, non-hormone-related conditions to the same network of hospitals where cases had been identified. A total of 132 (17.6%) cases and 116 controls (4.5%) reported a history of diabetes. The corresponding multivariate odds ratio (OR) was 2.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2-3.9]. No association emerged with diabetes diagnosed under age 40 (likely to be insulin-dependent diabetes), whereas the OR of endometrial cancer was 3.1 (95% CI 2.3-4.2) for diabetes diagnosed at age > or = 40 years. The OR of endometrial cancer in women with history of diabetes was 3.0 for women with a body mass index (BMI) (QI) kg/m2 < 25, 3.6 for those with a BMI of 25-29, and 3.3 for those with a BMI > or = 30. No consistent interaction or modifying effect was observed for any other covariate. Our results confirm that non-insulin-dependent diabetes is associated with the risk of endometrial cancer. The association may be mediated through elevated oestrogen levels in diabetic women, hyperinsulinemia or insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I).

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Diet and brain cancer in adults: a case-control study in northeast China.

A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in the Heilongjiang Province of northeast China between May 1993 and May 1995. A total of 129 histologically confirmed brain cancer cases (73 gliomas and 56 meningiomas) and 258 matched controls were interviewed in 6 major hospitals to examine the influence of dietary factors in developing brain cancer. Information was obtained about frequency of consumption of 57 food items. Odds ratios (ORs) were obtained from conditional logistic regression, including allowance for socio-demographic factors, alcohol, tobacco and total energy intake. Consumption of fresh vegetables (OR = 0.29 for the highest quartile compared with the lowest one), and specifically of Chinese cabbage and onion, fruit (OR = 0.15), fresh fish (OR = 0.38) and poultry (OR = 0.16) was inversely related to the risk of developing brain cancer. A protective effect was also seen for vitamin E intake, calcium and, although non-significantly, beta-carotene and vitamin C. Risk of brain cancer increased with consumption of salted vegetables (OR = 2.54) and salted fish.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Recent declines in worldwide mortality from cutaneous melanoma in youth and middle age.

Trends in age-standardised death-certification rates for skin cancer [mainly cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM)] over the period 1955-1995 were considered for 22 developed countries (18 from Europe, Canada, the United States, Australia and New Zealand) on the basis of the World Health Organization database. Between 1955 and 1984, mortality from CMM has been rising in both young adults (20 to 44 years) and middle aged population (45 to 64 years) in most European countries, North America and Australia. Between 1985 and 1995, CMM mortality rates were still rising in several countries for middle-aged males, though, to a lesser extent, they were more favourable in middle-aged women and declined in young adults in most countries, particularly in northern Europe.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Hormonal therapy for menopause and ovarian cancer in a collaborative re-analysis of European studies.

The relationship between hormonal therapy for menopause (hormone replacement therapy, HRT) and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer was evaluated in a collaborative re-analysis of 4 European case-control studies, 2 conducted in Greece and 1 each in Italy and the United Kingdom, including a total of 1,470 ovarian cancer cases and 3,271 hospital controls. Odds ratios (ORs) for HRT use were derived after allowance for study centre, age, socio-economic level, parity, menopausal status, type of menopause, age at menopause and oral contraceptive use. Overall, 109 (8.0%) ovarian cancer cases and 146 (4.7%) controls had ever used HRT, corresponding to an adjusted OR of 1.71 (95% confidence interval 1.30-2.25). The point estimates of the OR were 1.77 in the first Greek study, 1.40 in the second Greek study, 1.66 in the Italian study and 1.68 in the British study. Adjustment for possible confounders, including menopausal status, type of menopause, age at menopause and oral contraceptive use, slightly increased the OR. Limiting the analysis to women with information on relevant aspects of HRT use revealed a weak positive association with duration and some evidence that the excess relative risk for ovarian cancer declined with time since last use. These findings are compatible with a promoting effect of HRT in ovarian carcinogenesis. It is also possible, however, that the positive association reflects chance or selective administration of HRT to high-risk individuals, since until recently in Europe HRT was prescribed mainly for alleviation of peri-menopausal symptoms.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

Mortality among workers in the geothermal power plants at Larderello, Italy.

BACKGROUND: Since the early 1990s various European electricity companies have set up a research program, named EURELEX, devoted to the development of a comprehensive and validated title-occupation--job-exposure matrix (i.e., an instrument to assess exposures from occupations and jobs), in order to estimate and quantify past exposure to a number of potentially carcinogenic agents plus a few selected other toxic substances. The EURELEX program was first applied in Italy to a cohort of geothermal workers in Larderello, Tuscany. METHODS: The cohort mortality study comprised 4,237 men who had worked at the geothermal power plant between 1950 and 1990. Vital status and death certificates were obtained from registration offices in the municipality of birth or death. Particular attention was paid to neoplastic effects of exposure to asbestos, largely used in the past for pipeline insulating purposes. The matrix allowed the workers to be subdivided into several categories according to estimated absestos exposure. Smoking information was not available. RESULTS: No excess mortality was found for all causes and total cancer mortality. A small excess of pleural cancer (2 obs. vs. 1.4 exp.) was not statistically significant. The effect of other agents included in the matrix was also examined: the small excess of leukemia among those exposed to solvents prior to 1963 (year of benzene ban in Italy) did not reach the level of statistical significance. No cases of leukemia were found among the workers presumed to have been exposed to important ELF electromagnetic fields. CONCLUSION: The study provides reassuring information on a large cohort of a unique geothermal power plant since no significant excess mortality for asbestos related cancers was observed. Furthermore, it represents a useful application and validation of a comprehensive job-exposure matrix for the electric industry in Europe.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1999

Smoking and acute myocardial infarction among women and men: A case-control study in Italy.

BACKGROUND: A few studies have compared the smoking-related risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among women and men from the same population. A clear assessment of AMI risk among female smokers is now of major public health importance, given the large number of women who smoke. METHODS: The study is based on two case-control studies, conducted in Italy between 1983 and 1992, including 429 women and 801 men with AMI, and 863 female and 976 male controls, in hospital for acute conditions, unrelated to tobacco consumption, other than cardio or cerebrovascular and neoplastic. Odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by unconditional multiple logistic regression, including terms for study center, age, education, and other major risk factors of cardiovascular disease. RESULTS: Compared with non-smokers, the OR was 4.1 (95% CI 2.3-5.7) for female and 3.3 (95% CI 2.4-4.6) for male current smokers. The OR for smokers of <15 cigarettes per day was 2.4 for women and 2.1 for men; the sex difference was more evident for smokers of 15 to 24 cigarettes per day (OR 5.6 for women and 3.2 for men) and of >/= 25 cigarettes per day (OR 9.8 for women and 5.4 for men). The ORs in increasing duration categories were 3.6, 4.2, and 25.0 for women and 3.1, 3.9, and 3.2 for men. There was an inverse relation between the smoking-related risk of AMI and age among men, but no clear pattern with age was observed among women. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that the relative risk of AMI is higher among female than among male smokers, and the difference is greater for heavy and long-term smokers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Antidepressant drug use in Italy since the introduction of SSRIs: national trends, regional differences and impact on suicide rates.

Little is known about the use of antidepressant drugs in Italy since the introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). To fill this gap, we examined antidepressant drug sales data from 1988 to 1996 for the whole country, and for the years 1995 and 1996 on the regional level. National suicide trends from 1988 to 1994 were also examined to assess whether the increasing use of SSRI antidepressants was associated with changes in suicide rates. From 1988 to 1996 an increase of antidepressant sales of 53% was recorded. This increase reflected increasing use of SSRIs, which in 1996 accounted for more than 30% of total antidepressants sold. The analysis of regional differences demonstrated heterogeneity between north, center, and south. In the south prescriptions of antidepressants and use of SSRIs were lower than in the rest of the country. In the 7-year period over which SSRI use increased, male suicide rates increased from 9.8 to 10.2 per 100,000 inhabitants, and female suicide rates declined from 3.9 to 3.2 per 100,000. These data suggest that SSRIs gave a new impetus to antidepressant sales. However, possible public health benefits related to the shift from old to new antidepressants have yet to be demonstrated.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1999

Risk factors for breast cancer in women under 40 years.

The relation between hormonal and lifestyle factors and breast cancer risk in women younger than 40 years was investigated using data from two case-control studies conducted in Italy between 1983 and 1994. Cases were 579 women with histologically confirmed, incident breast cancer and controls were 668 women admitted to hospital for acute, non-neoplastic, non-hormone-related diseases. Breast cancer risk was inversely related to age at menarche with a multivariate odds ratio (OR) of 0.53 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.31-0.89) for women reporting menarche at the age of > or = 15 years compared with < 12 years. Breast cancer risk was significantly higher in parae than in nulliparae (OR 1.58), and was directly associated with age at first birth (OR 5.31 among women aged > or = 30 years at first birth compared with those aged < 20), and inversely with time since last birth (OR 3.80 for < 3 years compared with > or = 12). Compared with women reporting no abortion, the OR were 1.10 for any spontaneous, 0.87 for any induced and 0.90 for > or = 2 abortions. With reference to oral contraceptive use, the OR was 1.05 for ever users compared with never users, and no material association was evident with duration, time since first and last use. The OR was 1.79 for more than 13 years of education compared with < 9, 1.85 for a family history of breast cancer and 1.85 for a history of benign breast disease. Breast cancer risk was inversely related to body mass index with an OR of 0.51 (95% CI 0.26-0.97) for > or = 30 kg/m2 compared to < 20. Total energy and alcohol intake were directly related to the risk (OR 1.38 and 1.27 for the highest tertiles of intake compared with the lowest), although the estimates were not significant, whilst raw vegetable and beta-carotene consumption were inversely related to breast cancer risk (OR 0.57 and 0.67 for the highest tertile of intake compared with the lowest). Thus, most risk factors in this large dataset of women aged less than 40 years were similar to those described in breast cancer epidemiology at any age. Of interest are the inverse associations with body mass index, age at menarche and time since last birth, the direct ones with age at first and last birth, and the higher risk of parous women compared with nulliparae.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1999

Cancer mortality in Europe, 1990-1994, and an overview of trends from 1955 to 1994.

Mortality data, abstracted from the WHO database, are presented in tabular form for 26 cancer sites or groups of sites, plus total cancer mortality, in 35 European countries during the period 1990-1994. Trends in mortality are also given in graphical form for 24 major countries over the period 1955-1994. In most western European countries total cancer mortality was--for the first time--moderately downwards in the early 1990s. Such favourable trends included some decline in lung cancer mortality for males, the persistent decline in stomach cancer for both sexes, and of cervical cancer for women, as well as some decline in breast and colorectal cancers, plus other neoplasms (testis, lymphoid neoplasms), whose treatment has further improved over the last few years. However, cancer mortality was still upwards in a few southern and eastern European countries, including Hungary and Poland, where total cancer mortality rates in middle-aged males are now the highest ever registered in Europe. The favourable trends in western Europe over the recent years are similar to those observed in the U.S.A.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Allergy and other selected diseases and risk of colorectal cancer.

It has been reported that allergy and other diseases may be related to colorectal cancer risk. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic analysis using information about medical histories specifically to see if there was any relation between allergies or other medical conditions and colorectal cancer risk. A multicentric case-control study was conducted in six Italian areas between 1992 and 1996 on 1225 incident cases of colon cancer, 728 cases of rectal cancer and 4154 controls comparable with cases according to sex and age group, admitted for acute conditions to the same network of hospitals where cases had been identified. Unconditional logistic regression models including terms for sex, age, study centre, years of education, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, history of colorectal cancer in first-degree relatives and energy intake were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) of colon and rectal cancer according to history of allergy and other selected diseases. The OR for history of allergy was 0.88 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.67-1.14) for colon and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.44-0.92) for rectal cancer, and the inverse association was stronger when allergy was diagnosed at age 35 years or more, or less than 10 years before the cancer diagnosis. No clear pattern emerged in strata of age and sex. History of other selected diseases, including hypertension and cholelithiasis, was not related to colon or rectal cancer risk, though there was a moderate increase in the risk of colon cancer (OR = 1.18, 95% CI, 0.66-2.14) in patients with a history of intestinal polyps. This study lends support to the hypothesis that allergic individuals may be at a lower risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A pooled analysis of case-control studies of thyroid cancer. III. Oral contraceptives, menopausal replacement therapy and other female hormones.

OBJECTIVE: The relations between oral contraceptives (OC), hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopause, and other female hormone use and thyroid cancer risk was analyzed using the original data from 13 studies from North America, Asia and Europe. METHODS: Based on 2,132 cases and 3,301 controls, odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained by conditional regression models, conditioning on study and age at diagnosis, and adjusting for age, radiation exposure and parity. RESULTS: Overall, 808 (38%) cases versus 1,290 (39%) controls had ever used OCs, corresponding to an OR of 1.2 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.4). There was no relation with duration of use, age at first use, or use before first birth. The OR was significantly increased for current OC users (OR = 1.5, 95% 1.0 to 2.1), but declined with increasing time since stopping (OR = 1.1 for > 10 years since stopping). The association was stronger for papillary cancers (OR = 1.6 for current users) than for other histologic types. No significant heterogeneity was observed across studies or geographic areas. Eight studies had data on HRT, for a total of 1,305 cases and 2,300 controls: 110 (8%) cases and 205 (9%) controls reported ever using HRT (OR = 0.8; 95% CI 0.6 to 1.1). The ORs were 1.6 (95% to 0.9 to 2.9) for use of fertility drugs, and 1.5 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.1) for lactation suppression treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The studies considered in these analyses include most of the epidemiological data on the role of exogenous hormone use in the etiology of thyroid cancer, and they provide reassuring evidence on the absence of an association of practical relevance. The moderate excess risk in current OC users, if not due to increased surveillance for thyroid masses among OC users, is similar to that described for breast cancer, and would imply a role of female hormones on thyroid cancer promotion. There was no indication of increased thyroid cancer risk 10 or more years after discontinuing OC use.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1999

A pooled analysis of case-control studies of thyroid cancer. I. Methods.

OBJECTIVE: Because the etiology of thyroid cancer is not well described, we conducted a pooled analysis of all published case-control studies, as well as two identified unpublished studies. This paper describes the major characteristics of the 14 studies included in the analysis, as well as the statistical methods employed. Four studies were conducted in the United States (1 each in Washington State, California, Connecticut and Hawaii), 8 in Europe (3 in Sweden, 2 in Norway, 1 in Switzerland, 1 in Italy and 1 in Greece), and 2 in Asia (1 in China and 1 in Japan). METHODS: The original datasets were obtained and restructured in a uniform format. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, smoking and alcohol consumption, history of benign thyroid diseases and of other selected medical conditions and treatments, family history of cancer and of benign thyroid conditions, occupation, residence in endemic goitre areas, and dietary habits were analyzed. For women, we also analyzed menstrual and reproductive factors and use of female hormones. Radiotherapy and, in Japan, exposure to the A-bombs were considered as potential confounding factors. RESULTS: A total of 2,725 cases (2,247 females and 478 males) and 4,776 controls (3,699 females and 1,077 males) were included in this study. Of the cases, 79% were classified as papillary thyroid carcinomas, 14% as follicular, 2% medullary, 1% anaplastic, 1% other histologies, and 3% histological type unknown. Each of the datasets was checked for outliers and consistency. Data were analysed separately by study center, gender, and the two major histologic types (papillary, follicular). Frequency tables and simple statistics were computed for each variable under study. Conditional logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios. For matched studies, the original matching was preserved, whereas, for unmatched ones, five-year age groups were used for matching. Study-specific analyses were computed, and then the data from all the studies were pooled conditioning on study. Heterogeneity between studies, geographic areas and study designs was assessed, and the modifying effect of age was also evaluated.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1999

A pooled analysis of case-control studies of thyroid cancer. II. Menstrual and reproductive factors.

OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that female hormones, and hence menstrual and reproductive factors, play a role in thyroid cancer etiology. Epidemiological data, however, are limited and inconsistent, partly because of the small number of cases included in each study. To clarify the etiology of thyroid cancer, we conducted a pooled analysis of original data from 14 case-control studies, 4 from the United States, 2 from Asia, and 8 from Europe. METHODS: This analysis included a total of 2,247 female cases of thyroid cancer (80% papillary) and 3,699 control women. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were estimated using logistic regression, conditioning on study and (i) matching sets for individually matched studies, or (ii) quinquennia of age for the other studies. Additional terms for age and history of radiation exposure were included in the regression equations. RESULTS: The OR per year of later menarche was 1.04 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-1.1). Compared to premenopausal women, the OR was 1.3 for women with natural menopause, and 1.8 for those with artificial menopause, but the studies were heterogeneous and the association may be due, at least in part, to diagnostic or ascertainment bias. Parity, spontaneous or induced abortions and history of infertility were not associated with thyroid cancer risk. The OR was above unity in women reporting later age at first birth (OR = 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.3 for 5-year delay) and higher in the first years after a birth. CONCLUSIONS: The associations of menstrual and reproductive factors with thyroid cancer risk were generally weak, but appeared stronger among women diagnosed with thyroid cancer at younger ages.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗