PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Nicholson

Publications and source records attributed to E Nicholson.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

An evaluation of buffered aspirin and aspirin tablets in postoperative pain after third molar surgery.

1. Single doses (500 and 1000 mg) of both buffered aspirin and aspirin tablets were compared with placebo in a randomised double-blind trial of parallel design in patients with postoperative pain after third molar surgery. 2. Only buffered aspirin 500 mg provided significant pain relief (P = 0.016) during the 5 h investigation period. 3. A significant correlation (P = 0.004) was observed between overall pain scores after the various aspirin treatments and aspirin esterase activity. 4. Buffered aspirin preparations afforded a slight advantage over aspirin tablets in the control of postoperative pain after third molar surgery. However, the duration of analgesia was short (approximately 2 h). 5. Aspirin esterase activity appears to be an important determinant of the drug's efficacy in postoperative dental pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Identification of a human endothelial cell activation antigen that is co-expressed by germinal follicle centre B lymphocytes.

Endothelial cell activation antigens may play important roles in immune responses and in inflammation. This report describes the identification and characterization of a monoclonal antibody, named EAA-B, which reacts specifically with human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells pre-treated with tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) but not with untreated cells. The expression of the EAA-B antigen on HUVE cells could also be induced by interleukin-1 (IL-1), bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and phorbol esters but not by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). By contrast, EAA-B antigen expression on neonatal foreskin and rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts, whether pre-treated with TNF-alpha or not, was not detectable. Peripheral blood leucocytes and the leukaemic cell lines U937, HL-60, Raji and Molt 4 showed no detectable expression of the EAA-B antigen. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the EAA-B antigen was rapidly expressed, peaked at 6 hr and declined to basal level by 24 hr. Western blotting revealed that monoclonal antibody EAA-B recognized a polypeptide of approximately 80,000-90,000 MW. EAA-B partially blocked the augmented adhesion of HL-60 cells to TNF-treated HUVE cells. However, it failed to inhibit the enhanced binding of peripheral blood leucocytes, U937, Raji and Molt 4 Cells to TNF-treated HUVE cells. In situ, the EAA-B antigen was detected on some vascular endothelium in tonsils, lymph nodes, psoriatic skin and rheumatoid synovium but not in normal non-lymphoid tissues. Interestingly EAA-B antigen is also expressed by B lymphocytes in germinal follicle centres (GFC) of lymphoid tissues. The co-expression of this endothelial activation antigen by GFC B lymphocytes may have significant implications for immune responses and in B-lymphocyte differentiation.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

The association of age with aspirin esterase activity in human liver.

The activity of the phase 1 enzyme aspirin esterase was studied in liver tissue from 16 patients, aged 45-88 years. No correlation between age and enzyme activity was found in post-mitochondrial, cytosolic and microsomal fractions. These results provide further evidence that age is not a major determinant of the activity of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in man.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

The efficacy of benorylate in postoperative dental pain.

The efficacy of a single pre-operative dose of benorylate (4 g) was determined in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled parallel study in patients undergoing removal of a single impacted lower third molar. Patients treated with benorylate 4 g reported significantly less pain between 3-6 h after dosage than those treated with placebo. Overall pain scores at 6 h were significantly less in the benorylate group than the placebo group. However, overall pain scores at 12 h did not differ significantly between treatment groups. It is concluded from this study that a single dose of benorylate 4 g given immediately prior to the removal of an impacted lower third molar provides limited pain control during the postoperative period.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1989

Benorylate hydrolysis by human plasma and human liver.

1. Benorylate (4-acetamido phenyl-O-acetylsalicylate) hydrolysis in vitro by human plasma and by human liver microsomes and cytosol has been investigated. 2. Benorylate was hydrolysed by a route involving initial hydrolysis of the acetyl group to yield phenetsal followed by hydrolysis to paracetamol and salicylate. Hydrolysis via acetylsalicylate was minor. 3. Benorylate was more actively hydrolysed by liver cytosol than microsomes and about 10 times faster than plasma. 4. Following a single oral dose benorylate (4 g) to volunteers only salicylate and paracetamol were detected in the plasma. 5. The therapeutic effects of benorylate appear to be mediated by salicylate and paracetamol.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1989

Human liver and plasma aspirin esterase.

The plasma, in addition to the liver, is a major site of hydrolysis of aspirin. Human plasma and liver aspirin esterase activities in samples from a group of patients varied over a two fold range and there was a significant correlation between individual plasma and liver activities. Human liver aspirin esterase was present in the cytosolic and microsomal fractions. Cytosolic and microsomal enzymes had different activities and apparent affinities for aspirin.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Sodium-renin-aldosterone relations in normal and hypertensive pregnancy.

To examine the short-term regulation of sodium excretion, plasma volume, and the renin-aldosterone system in pregnancy, women in their first pregnancy received either a high-salt (HS) (250 mmol/day) or a low-salt (LS) (20 mmol/day) diet for 7 days during the second and third trimester and after delivery (total 213 studies). Twenty women, studied while normotensive during mid-pregnancy, developed pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) in the third trimester. There was slightly greater difficulty adapting to sodium depletion (LS diet) during normal pregnancy compared with postpartum. The final mean values for sodium excretion were 27 (SE 2), 28 (SE 3) and 14 (SE 4) mmol/day in the second and third trimester and postpartum respectively. Sodium excretion with the HS diet was similar at all stages and plasma volumes were maintained as effectively during pregnancy as after delivery following both diets. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone concentration rose and fell significantly following the LS and HS diets but the sensitivity of renin response to changes in salt intake was blunted during normal pregnancy. Women who later developed PIH, when studied whilst normotensive, failed to stimulate plasma aldosterone after salt depletion in their second trimester and did not exhibit the 'sodium-independent' component of PRA seen in continuously normotensive subjects at this stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Comparative efficacy of soluble aspirin and aspirin tablets in postoperative dental pain.

The efficacy of single doses (1.2 g) of soluble aspirin and aspirin tablets was determined in a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel study in 90 patients (45 females) with postoperative pain after removal of impacted lower third molars. Also investigated was the relationship between plasma aspirin esterase activity and overall pain scores after both aspirin preparations. Patients reported significantly less pain (p less than 0.001) after treatment with aspirin than after treatment with placebo. However, patients receiving soluble aspirin reported both an earlier onset and a longer duration of pain relief than those who received aspirin tablets. A significant correlation was observed between plasma aspirin esterase activity and overall pain scores after both soluble aspirin (r = 0.57, p less than 0.01) and aspirin tablets (r = 0.51, p less than 0.02). It is concluded that soluble aspirin is the preferred aspirin formulation for treating postoperative pain after third molar surgery and that plasma aspirin esterase activity is determinant of a patient's analgesic response to aspirin in postoperative dental pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The effect of stimulation by meat on gastrins in pyloric antral mucosa of anaesthetized cats.

Chloralose anaesthetized cats were prepared with fundic and antral pouches. After stimulation with meat extract suspension in the antral pouches, the antral mucosae were collected, homogenized and subjected to subcellular fractionation to produce whole homogenates, debris, mitochondrial, granule and microsomal fractions and the cell supernatant. Total gastrin concentration and the quantities of gastrin components were measured in these cell fractions and compared with values obtained from a group of control animals which were not stimulated. Stimulation significantly increased the concentration of total gastrin in whole homogenates and in the cell supernatant. In whole homogenates the concentrations of gastrin components I, II, III and void volume gastrin all increased significantly after stimulation. In granules the concentration of Component III significantly increased. In microsomes the concentration of Componenet IV increased significantly. In cell supernatant the total amounts of Components III and IV increased significantly. It is concluded there was synthesis of gastrin under the experimental conditions used. The concentrations of those gastrin components which are larger than the predominant storage form (Component III) are increased and these larger components may be biosynthetic precursors. The significant increase in Component IV concentration in the cell supernatant and microsomes may suggest that Component IV is formed at least in part by antral tissue as well as by the known conversion process which occurs in cat blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Serum alphafetoprotein in multiple pregnancy.

The concentration of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was determined in paired umbilical cord and maternal sera in 42 multiple pregnancies. No concentrations above 1.4 microgram/ml were detected in maternal sera. Although there was a significant inverse correlation between cord AFP levels and gestational age, large intrapair discrepancies were common and these were not influenced by birth order, weight, or malformations. Intrapair AFP ratios were higher amongst dizygotic (DZ) than monozygotic (MZ) twins. In a pair discordant for neonatal hepatitis, the affected twin had the lower level of AFP in cord serum, but AFP was still detectable at 55 days.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1976

Serum immunoglobulins in multiple pregnancy.

The concentrations of immunoglobulins (Ig) G.A.M. and E were determined in paired umbilical cord and maternal sera in 50 twin pregnancies. Mean IgG levels were higher in cord than maternal sera and in most cases the cord IgG level related more closely to that of the other twin than to either maternal level or birthweight, and was in the range for singletons of the same gestational age. The three cases of fetofetal transfusion syndrome were exceptional in the large difference between IgG concentrations in recipient and donor twins. The discrepancy was much greater than that found between the levels of proteins produced by the fetus, suggesting a disturbance in maternofetal placental transfer. IgM was detected in all cord sera, with one exception, and the level was not related to order of birth. IgA was detected in 16% of cord sera, 13% in sera from first borns. IgE was detected in only 8% of cord sera and there was no evidence of placental transfer.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hyaline membrane disease and early neonatal aldosterone metabolism in infants of less than 33 weeks gestation.

We studied urine excretion of free and conjugated aldosterone by 12 control infants and 14 infants with hyaline membrane disease (HMD) on the first and seventh days after birth. Both groups had a mean gestational age of 29 weeks. Total urine aldosterone excretion (UAE) and percent excreted as conjugate were similar for both groups on both study days, and did not relate to the severity of respiratory failure in infants with HMD. Sodium intake was higher for infants with HMD on both study days (p less than 0.02), but their urine sodium excretion was only significantly (p less than 0.01) higher on day 7. For total UAE values greater than 3 nmol/kg/d, there was no significant difference between estimated sodium-potassium exchange by control (22 +/- 5%, n = 8) and HMD (31 +/- 5%, n = 10) groups. These data suggest that neither the magnitude of excretion of aldosterone in the urine, the ability to conjugate aldosterone nor the degree of relative distal tubular unresponsiveness to aldosterone are related to the severity of pulmonary immaturity in preterm infants.

Aldosterone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Instructive exercise.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Geriatric Nursing↗