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Biomedical subjects

E Nurmi

Publications and source records attributed to E Nurmi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Epidemiological evaluation of the salmonella-controlling effect of a nationwide use of a competitive exclusion culture in poultry.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the salmonella contamination-controlling effect of a nationwide use of a competitive exclusion culture in poultry. During a 5-yr period, a bacterial flora from caecum of adult birds was given to broiler chickens in order to control salmonella infection. The culture was given on 144 occasions to a total of 2.86 million chickens. The base for the evaluation was the compulsory and regular control for salmonella contamination conducted according to the salmonella control program applied to Sweden. Epidemiological evaluation, especially in relation to the use of the culture during a period when salmonella was spread from a feed factory, strongly supports the conclusion that the culture has a salmonella contamination-preventing effect under field conditions, as earlier had been found in laboratory studies. Questionnaires answered by producers did not indicate significant adverse effects of the treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Combined therapy of Salmonella infection in chickens by antimicrobial agents followed by cultured cecal bacteria.

Week-old chickens infected with Salmonella infantis when one day old were treated with antimicrobial drugs either given alone or followed by peroral inoculation of bacterial culture. The bacteria were derived from the cecal contents of adult chickens. The antimicrobial drugs used were: neomycin, neomycin plus oxytetracycline, neomycin plus polymyxin, and sulfadiazine plus trimethoprim. The combined therapy with oxytetracycline plus neomycin and bacterial culture seemed to be the most effective, although the efficacy varied between the parallel trials. Sulfadiazine plus trimethoprim followed by treatment with the bacterial culture decreased the infection rate. The bacterial culture alone also had a slight anti-salmonella effect. When only antimicrobials were given, salmonellae rapidly reappeared in the intestines when the therapy was stopped.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Therapeutical trials with antimicrobial agents and cultured cecal microflora in Salmonella infantis infections in chickens.

The efficacy of short antimicrobial therapy was examined in chicks infected with S. infantis on the day of hatching. An attempt was made to prevent the reappearance of salmonellae by treating the chicks with a culture of cecal microflora to re-establish the normal intestinal flora. The following drugs were used: neomycin/polymyxin, oxytetracyline/neomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, furazolidone, and trimethoprim/sulphadiazine. The oxytetracycline/neomycin therapy was most effective, but reappearance of the infection was not avoided. Combined therapy with other antimicrobials and the culture reduced the number of infected chicks compared with the respective control groups. A slight reduction was also found when the culture was used alone without any preceding antimicrobial treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

An epizootic of Salmonella typhimurium var. copenhagen in broilers and the use of cultured chicken interestinal flora for its control.

1. An epizootic caused by Salmonella typhimurium var. copenhagen and occurring on the farms of one company was examined with the following factors in mind: the spread of the epizootic, the infection rate of the flocks and the role of the food, hatchery and parent stock. 2. A microbiological technique was used the aim of preventing infection on the farms. 3. The method of control was not as effective the field as in the laboratory; the possible reasons for this are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The occurrence of Clostridium botulinum type E in Finnish trout farms and the prevention of toxin formation in fresh-salted vacuum-packed trout fillets.

The occurrence of C. botulinum on two Finnish rainbow trout farms were studied. C. botulinum type E toxin was detected from samples of fish intestines in 10% and 4% of the samples and in 0% and 100% of dam bottom sediments, respectively. The toxin formation of inoculated C. botulinum type E in three different brands of commercial fresh-salted vacuum-packed trout fillets was also investigated. In the brand with a salt concentration of 2.7% (a w = 0.96) and no nitrate, the toxin was formed in two weeks at 10 and 20 degrees C. If the pH of the product was lowed to 4.90 and NaCl concentration increased to 5.67% (a w = 0.94%) no toxin was formed even without the use of nitrate. By adding 0.1% of sodium nitrate to the curing solution (0.046% nitrate in the product) the toxin formation was brought to an end. According to the results of the study C. botulinum type E presents a potential health risk for man as well as for fish also in Finland. Trout products must be manufactured and stored in such a way that the possibility of toxin formation is eliminated.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effect of starter culture on staphylococcal enterotoxin and thermonuclease production in dry sausage.

Different amounts of enterotoxin A-, B-, and C1-producing staphylococci were added to dry sausage prepared by normal processes, either alone or in conjunction with a starter culture (micrococci and lactobacilli). The sausage was examined after 0, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days for staphylococci, micrococci, and lactobacilli, and measurements were made of water activity, pH, enterotoxin, and thermostable nuclease. The results showed that in the absence of starter culture measurable amounts of enterotoxin A were formed in a 200-g sample of dry sausage in 3 days, the level of Staphylococcus aureus infection being over 10(6) cells/g. Enterotoxin B was not found, although the total number of staphylococci was over 10(8) cells/g. Enterotoxin C1 was observed when the Staphylococcus count was about 8 X 10(7) cells/g, but was no longer detectable after 7 days. The starter culture prevented the production of enterotoxin A in all cases investigated. By contrast, a very high-level inoculation of an enterotoxin C1-producing strain gave a positive result after 3 days of incubation even in the presence of a starter culture. Heat-stable nuclease was observed in all sausages to which enterotoxin-producing staphylococci were added. The cell count determined in a sample of sausage had no definite correlation with the thermonuclease activity of the sample.

Antibiosis↗
PubMed1974

Hazards involved in the use of furazolidone for the prevention of salmonellosis in broiler chickens.

The purpose of this work was to study the effects of interrupted, continuous and post-salmonella inoculation treatment with furazolidone in the feed on the colonization of Salmonella infantis in the intestines of chickens, as well as the influence of furazolidone in vitro on the effect of a mixed culture used for the prevention of salmonellosis in chickens.It was shown that chickens given interrupted treatment with 0.01% furazolidone had significantly more salmonellas in the caeca than either chickens fed continuously with this drug or chickens without any treatment. The use of 0.01% furazolidone after inoculation with Salmonella infantis had no effect on Salmonella infantis in the caeca of chickens.The mixed bacterial culture from the normal intestinal flora lost its preventive effect on salmonellosis when cultured with 0.01% furazolidone.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The competitive exclusion concept: development and future.

The origin of the competitive exclusion (CE) concept in controlling a Salmonella infantis outbreak in poultry in 1971 and the subsequent development of a commercial treatment product are described. The possible role of CE in salmonella control, current status of the concept and theories relating to the bacteria involved and mechanisms of protection are reviewed. Some observations are made on the need for methodological development and possibilities for extending the scope of CE to other pathogens and types of domestic animal.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Competitive exclusion in the young bird: challenge models, administration and reciprocal protection.

The competitive exclusion (CE) concept has been tested against both non-invasive and invasive salmonella serotypes. Studies with different challenge models indicate that CE treatment is likely to protect the young bird against all serotypes that are capable of intestinal colonization. Spray or 'droplet' application of the CE-treatment material was compared with administration in the first drinking water. Both methods gave a similar degree of protection against Salmonella infantis. A study was made to compare protection of newly hatched chicks and turkey poults by the one commercial CE product Broilact, and two similar preparations involving intestinal microorganisms from an adult turkey. Each preparation protected both avian species when administered orally prior to challenge, but the degree of protection obtained varied with the type of preparation and its host origin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Competitive exclusion of campylobacters from poultry with K-bacteria and Broilact.

The competitive exclusion (CE) product (Broilact) which is effective against Salmonellas, was found to be inactive against campylobacters. Microecological concepts were applied in the search of a new competitive flora and two novel strains ('K-bacteria') were isolated. These strains resembled campylobacters but differed from them in morphology, enzyme profiles (API), cellular fatty acid profiles and when tested with a ribosomal RNA hybridization probe (Gene-Trak). Two-week laboratory trials on broiler chickens showed that CE treatment may protect the birds against campylobacters but revealed the need for facultatively anaerobic bacteria in establishing a protective flora. A 5-week pilot scale trial was carried out. The trial involved 1800 newly hatched chicks in 30 groups. K-bacteria and Broilact, which provided the necessary facultatively anaerobic bacteria, were administered to some of the birds in the first drinking water. A seeder bird technique was used to challenge experimental and control birds with Campylobacter jejuni biotype 2 (broiler origin). Three seeder birds were placed in each group of 60 birds. Groups were sampled weekly for campylobacters and finally at the slaughterhouse. From each group, the caecal contents of two birds were examined quantitatively for campylobacters. The performance of the birds was also monitored during the trial. The results showed a 1.5 week delay in the onset of campylobacter infection in treated chicks and a consistently lower level of colonization in comparison with control birds. At slaughter, levels of carriage in caecal contents of treated birds were 1.5-2.0 log10 units lower than those of controls, despite apparent stress from harvesting and transportation. The treatment had no economically important effects on the performance of the birds during rearing.

Animals↗